secretions
H2O
HCl
enzymes
organic waste
absorption
H2O electrolytes simple sugars amino acids fatty acids vitamins minerale
Mouth, pharynx, salivary glands and secretion
exocrine secretion
salt and water: moisten food
mucus: lubrication
amylase: polysaccharide digesting enzyme
esophagus and secretion
mucus: lubrication
stomach and secretions
HCl
pepsins
mucus
HCl
solubilization of food particles
kill microbes
activation of pepsinogens to pepsins
pepsins
protein digesting enzymes
Pancreas and secretion
- enzymes: digest carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
- Bicarbonate: neutralize HCl entering SI
liver and secretion
bile salts: solubilize water-insoluble fats
bicarbonate: neutralize HCl
organic waste products: elimination in feces
small intestine and secretion
enzymes: food digestion
Salt and water: maintain fluidity of luminal contents
Mucus
Large intestine and secretion
mucus
Carbohydrate digestion
Salivary amylase in oral cavity
- polysaccharides and disaccharides -> smaller polysaccharides
Pancreatic amylases: lumen of small intestine
- polysaccharides -> maltose and disaccharides
Epithelium of SI:
-> disaccharides to monosaccharides
protein digestion
pepsin: in stomach
- proteins -> small polypeptieds
Pancreatic trypsin and chemotrypsin: lumen of SI
- smaller polypeptides
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase: lumen SI
- polypeptides -> amino acids
Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase: epithelium of SI
- small peptides -> amino acids
nucleic acid digestion
Pancreatic nucleases: lumen of SI - DNA, RNA -> nucleotides Nucleotidases: epithelium of SI - nucleotides -> necleosides Nucleosidases and phosphatases: epithelium of SI - Bases, sugars, phosphates.
Fat digestion
bile salts: lumen of SI
- fat globules -> fat droplets
Pancreatic lipase: lumen of SI
- fat droplets -> glycerol, fatty acids, glycerides.
absorption in stomach
water
simple sugars
alcohol
duodenum absorption
Ca
Phosphorus
Mg
Vitamins: A, D, E, K
distal ileum absorption
bile salts and acids
Large intestine absorption
H2O some: Na K Cl Vit. K Biotin
Small intestine absorption
final steps of digestion glucose fructose fatty acids glycerol amino acids Vitamins ions
Villus
fingerlike projections/folds of SI
inc. surface area -> inc. absorption
each contains capillary network, minuscule artery and vein
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Intro to Patho32
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Cell structure and function93
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cpt 4: cell injury, aging and death70
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chapter 24: body fluid homoeostasis49
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Chapter 5 structure and function of DNA25
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chapter 6 genetic and developmental disorders and module 1 study guide71
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chapters 13,14,1198
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chapter 954
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chapter 1025
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Module 536
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exam 158
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module 6 neuronal communication108
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spinal cord injury13
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brain injury44
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pain physiology58
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chapter 4571
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fetal genital development8
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female reproductive system52
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male reproductive system21
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alterations of sexual maturation65
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disorders of male reproductive system27
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breast13
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STI15
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module 9 bone formation50
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module 9 joints18
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module 9 muscles25
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module 9 musculoskeletal injuries93
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module 9 disorders of skeletal muscles, peds, aging40
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module 6 chapter 46; ear, eye, taste, smell103
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module 7 hormones34
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module 7 endocrine organs/glands23
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Module 7 endocrine dysfunction65
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heart anatomy28
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Cardiac excitability/electro16
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blood flow and innervation39
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module 10 blood pressure35
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module 10 HTN and disorders56
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module 10 shock26
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module 10 congenital heart defects22
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module 10 vavles20
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module 10 synch session11
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module 11 functional anatomy of resp. system25
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module 11 ventilation20
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module 11 mechanics of breathing46
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module 11 general concepts in altered pulmonary function41
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module 11 obstructive lung disease25
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module 11 restrictive lung disease55
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module 11 pediatric33
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module 11 acid base25
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module 12 renal anatomy39
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module 12 regulation22
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module 12 age related changes24
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module 12 intra-renal disorders38
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module 12 glomerular disorders / AKI19
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module 12 acute tubular necrosis and CKD29
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module 12 lower urinary tract47
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module 12 congenital disorders10
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module 12 lecture20
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Module 13 general anatomy37
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Module 13 secretion and absorption21
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module 13 digestion and motility13
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module 13 pancreas33
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Upper GI disorders53
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module 13 lower GI disorders21
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module 13 malabsorption26
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module 13 hepatitis49
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module 13 DM30
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module 13 GI cancers11
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module 13 lecture14
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module 11 oncology overview15
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module 11 oncology supportive care23
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module 12 principles of anti-microbial therapy21
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module 12 beta-lactams penicillin19
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module 12 beta-lactams cephalosporins15
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module 12 beta-lactams carbapenems8
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module 12 other cell wall-acting agents12
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module 12 sulfonamides and UTI meds22
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module 12 protein synthesis inhibitors23
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module 12 protein inhibitors: aminoglycosides, oxalodidinones12
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module 12 cell membrane acting agents9
