How were the function graphs of sleep need calculated?
The number and amplitude of EEG slow waves that occurred during NREMS after different durations of prior wakefulness
The expression of slow waves is almost entirely determined by _____
How long a person was asleep prior to sleep onset
What is a potential explanation for the paradox regarding humans feeling less sleepy in the evening?
The circadian rhythm ensures we stay awake during the day and sleep only at night
What do process “S” represent?
A homeostatically regulated, sleep-wake dependent factor that builds during waking and is dissipated during sleep
Tests of cognitive performance are meant to assess ______
Attention, executive function, and memory
What is the most common test for attention and how does it work?
- Psychomotor Vigilance Test
- Subjects must look at a blank computer screen and press a button when a stimulus appears, for 5-10 minutes
In the PVT, impaired attention is indicated by _____, primarily due to _____
- slower reaction times
- attentional lapses when subjects fail to respond to a stimulus
When assessments are limited to normal waking hours, performance is better ______, peaking at ______
- during the second half of the day
- peak of body temperature
What is sleep inertia?
The period of time after waking when cognitive performance is poor
What can we conclude from forced desynchrony studies?
Both circadian rhythms and time spent awake affect cognitive performance, although circadian rhythms have a stronger effect with wake periods up to 18 hours
Social jetlag is worse in ____ types, meaning this type has a _____ correlation with academic performance
- evening
- negative
Why do evening types perform worse?
- May still be in subjective night/earlier in subjective day for morning classes
- sleep restriction impairs attention
During adolescence, the circadian clock becomes _____, and then becomes _____ in the early 20’s
- Increasingly phase delayed
- gradually earlier
Males are ____ delayed than females, until _____ when it becomes _____
- more
- menopause
- equal
What affects performance more- chronotype or reduced sleep?
Chronotype
