velopharyngeal inadequacy includes:
VP insufficiency, VP incompetency, VP mislearning
VP insufficiency
structural problem, tissue problem
VP incompetency
neurological problem (any dysarthria)
VP mislearning
nasal emissions
Which VP inadequacy: tonsils
VP insufficiency
Which VP inadequacy: cerebral palsy
VP incompetency
Which VP inadequacy: post-palatal closure
VP insufficiency
Which VP inadequacy: deafness
VP mislearning
Which VP inadequacy: nasal emissions
VP mislearning
Which VP inadequacy: TBI
VP incompetency
Which VP inadequacy: apraxia
VP incompetency
Which VP inadequacy: cancer
VP insufficiency