Module 2.1.4 - Acids

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

A proton (H+) donor

Question 2

What is the chemical formulae of hydrochloric acid?

Answer 2

HCl (aq)

Question 3

What is the chemical formulae of sulfuric acid?

Answer 3

H2SO4 (aq)

Question 4

What is the chemical formulae of nitric acid?

Answer 4

HNO3 (aq)

Question 5

What is the chemical formulae of phosphoric acid?

Answer 5

H3PO4 (aq)

Question 6

What is the chemical formulae of ethanoic acid?

Answer 6

CH3COOH (aq)

Question 7

What does an acid release in aqueous solution?

Answer 7

Hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 8

What is a strong acid?

Answer 8

A strong acid completely dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution

Question 9

What is a weak acid?

Answer 9

A weak acid partially dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution

Question 10

How is a weak acid shown in an equation?

Answer 10

A reversible reaction arrow

Question 11

What are examples of strong acids?

Answer 11

• Hydrochloric acid
• Nitric acid
• Sulfuric acid
• Phosphoric acid

Question 12

What is an example of a weak acid?

Answer 12

Ethanoic acid, only releases a small proportion of it’s available hydrogen atoms into solution at H+ ions

Question 13

What happens to sulfuric acid when mixed with water?

Answer 13

• Each H2SO4 molecule dissolves, releasing just one of its hydrogen atoms as an H+ ion
• The resulting HSO4- (aq) ions then only partially dissociate

Question 14

What is a base?

Answer 14

A proton (H+) acceptor

Question 15

What are common bases?

Answer 15

• Metal oxide
• Metal hydroxide
• Carbonate
• Ammonia solution

Question 16

Which of the common base types is a weak base?

Answer 16

Ammonia

Question 17

What are salts?

Answer 17

A salt is produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+

Question 18

What are all salts made from?

Answer 18

Acids, salt name comes from acid used

Question 19

What does a metal oxide and acid produce with its ionic equation and what is observed?

Answer 19

• Salt and water
• O2- + 2H+ -> H2O neutralisation reaction
• Solid dissolves

Question 20

What does a metal hydroxide and acid produce with its ionic equation and what is observed?

Answer 20

• Salt and water
• OH- + H+ -> H2O neutralisation reaction
• no visible change

Question 21

What does a carbonate and acid produce with its ionic equation and what is observed?

Answer 21

• Salt + water + carbon dioxide
• CO3 2- + 2H+ -> H2O + CO2 neutralisation reaction
• solid dissolves and bubbles of gas

Question 22

What is produced when ammonia and acid react with its ionic equation and what is observed?

Answer 22

• Ammonium salt produced
• NH3 + H+ -> NH4 + neutralisation reaction
• no visible change

Question 23

What is produced when a metal and acid react and what is observed?

Answer 23

• Salt and hydrogen a redox reaction, not neutralisation
• solid dissolves and bubbles of gas

Question 24

What is an alkali?

Answer 24

A base that dissolves in water and releases OH- ions in aqueous solution

Question 25

What type of bases are alkalis?

Answer 25

hydroxides