Two types of electrical charge
Positive and Negative
Neutral
Something that does not have an electrical charge.
First rule of electrical charge
Like charges repel one another.
Second rule of electrical charge
Opposite charges attract each other.
Third rule of electrical charge
Every substance on earth has electrical charges. However, if the number of positive charges equals the negative charges, the substance is neutral with no overall charge. If there is more of one charge than the other, the substance takes on that electrical charge.
Atomic number
How many protons are in an atom.
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is the difference between isotopes?
Their mass.
Mass number
The total number of neutrons and protons in an atom.
Particle/Wave Duality theory
The theory that light sometimes behaves as a particle and sometimes behaves as a wave.
Wavelength
The distance between the crests (or troughs) of a wave (essentially is responsible for the color).
Amplitude
A measure of the height of the crests or the depths of the troughs on a wave (essentially is responsible for the brightness).
Physical Constant
A measurable quantity in nature that does not change (i.e. the speed of light).
Frequency
The number of wave crests that pass a given point each second.
How are wavelengths and frequency realted?
Inversely. When a wavelength is large, the frequency is small and vice verca.
Relationship between light and energy
As a light wave’s frequency increases, its energy increases
