Module #3: Atoms and Molecules

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Any substance that cannot be decomposed into less massive substances

Question 2

Compounds

Answer 2

Substances that can be decomposed into elements by chemical means

Question 3

The Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 3

The proportion of elements in any compound is always the same

Question 4

What are Metals?

Answer 4

Usually malleable, have luster, and are able to conduct electricity

Question 5

What are Nonmetals?

Answer 5

Typically brittle, lack luster, and do not conduct electricity

Question 6

What are Metalloids?

Answer 6

Elements that have some metal properties and some nonmetal properties

Question 7

The Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 7

If two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of masses of the second element that react with the fixed mass of the first element will be a simple, whole-number ratio

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Certain atoms within an element which are heavier than other atoms in the same element

Question 9

Ionic Compound

Answer 9

A compound that contains at least one metal atom and at least one nonmetal allowing it to conduct electricity

Question 10

Covalent Compound

Answer 10

A compound which is made up solely of nonmetal atoms disabling it of the ability to conduct electricity

Question 11

The Naming Principles of Ionic Compounds

Answer 11

1. Start with the name of the first atom in the molecule
2. Take the next atom in the molecule and replace its ending with an “ide” suffix
3. Putting these two words together gives you the compound’s name

Question 12

What are Nonmetals?

Answer 12

They’re typically brittle, they lack luster, and do not conduct electricity

Question 13

What are Metalloids?

Answer 13

Elements that have some metal properties and some nonmetal properties

Question 14

The Continuous Theory of Matter

Answer 14

The theory that substances were composed of long, unbroken blobs of matter.

Question 15

The Law of Mass Conservation

Answer 15

Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms

Question 16

What were Dalton’s Assumptions?

Answer 16

1. All elements are composed of small, indivisible particles called “atoms”
2. All atoms of the same element have exactly the same properties
3. Atoms of different elements have different properties
4. Compounds are formed when atoms are joined together. Since atoms are indivisible, they can only join together in simple, whole-number ratios

Question 17

What are the naming conventions of covalent molecules?

Answer 17

They’re the same as the ionic conventions except for the fact that you add the number prefixes (mono, di, tri, etc.) in front of the element names