Module 3.2 Lecture 2

Question 1

The adrenal gland is composed of 2 properties which are what?

Answer 1

1. (inner area) Adrenal medulla
   - makes epinephrine and norepinephrine
2. (outer surrounding) Adrenal cortex
   - makes steroid hormones

Question 2

How does the adrenal gland work with the ganglionic neurons?

Answer 2

pre ganglionic neurons releases signals to the adrenal gland which secrets neurotransmitters

Question 3

What is PNMT?

Answer 3

phenyl-N-methyltransferase

• an enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine

Question 4

Is there PNMT in the adrenal medulla?

Answer 4

yass, high amounts

Question 5

The adrenal gland has what percentage of norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Answer 5

20% norepinephrine
80% epinephrine

Question 6

In the parasympathetic system, what are the 2 different types of receptors for cholinergic fibres?

Answer 6

1. Nicotinic (ligand- gated ion channel)
   - found on the post ganglionic cell bodies

• just an ionotrophic receptors - leads to action potentials

2. Muscarinic (metabotropic receptors)
   - 2nd messangers
   - on the end effector organs

Question 7

How many types of muscarinic receptors do we have?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

What does M2 do?

Answer 8

M2: on cardiac tissue
- when ACh is released the result is a decrease in your heart rate due to the 2nd messanger

Question 9

What are 2 examples of metabotropic receptors in the SYMAPTHETIC nervous system?

Answer 9

1. Cyclic AMP
   - beta receptors
2. Calcium
   - alpha receptors

Question 10

What do Beta 1 receptors do?

Answer 10

• they are found on our end effect organ
• they respond to the neurotransmitters either being epinephrine or norepinephrine
• this leads to an excitatory effects, aka action potentials

ie. in the heart tissue, can stimulate the heart

Question 11

What do Beta 2 receptors do?

Answer 11

• they are found on our end effect organ
• they respond to the neurotransmitters either being epinephrine or norepinephrine
• can have both inhibitory or excitatory responses

ie. having asthma, we can target the smooth muscles and tell them to relax

Question 12

What is agonist in respect drugs to binding to a receptor?

Answer 12

will activate the receptor, and acts like the neurotransmitter, allowing the job to be carried out as per usual

Question 13

What is antagonist in respect drugs to binding to a receptor?

Answer 13

block the neurotransmitter

Question 14

If there was an antagonist for the nicotinic receptor what would happen?

Answer 14

• part of the cholinergic response, aka produces ACh
• found on the post ganglionic cell bodies

*meaning it would effect the sympathetic and parasympathetic system