MODULE 3E: Joints

Question 1

What are the three classes of joints?

Answer 1

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 2

What are the four types of fibrous joints?

Answer 2

1. Suture
2. Syndesmosis
3. Gomphosis
4. interosseous

Question 3

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 3

1. Synchondrosis
2. Symphysis

Question 4

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 4

1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condylar
5. Saddle
6. Ball and Socket

Question 5

What is the suture type joint and an example in the Fibrous class joints?

Answer 5

• fibres in the joints interlock between bones and irregular bones

ie. sagittal suture
ONLY FOUND IN THE SKULL

Question 6

What is the syndesmosis type joint and an example in the Fibrous class joints?

Answer 6

• where a ligament a tissue connects one bone to another
• located on the outside of where two bones join

ie. distal tibiofibular joint

Question 7

What is the gomphosis type joint and what is an example in the Fibrous class joints?

Answer 7

• short collagen fibres holding the joint in place

aka peg socket fibrous joint

ie. In our Teeth

Question 8

What is the interosseous type joint and what is an example in the Fibrous class joints?

Answer 8

• has a long sheet of connective tissue that binds the two long bones together
• allows for increased attachments due to a larger surface area for muscles

ie. In our forearm between the radius and ulna and in our leg between the tibia and fibula

Question 9

What is the Synchondrosis type joint and what is an example in the cartilaginous class joints?

Answer 9

• bones are joined by hyaline cartilage

ie. ONLY THE 1st rib joint joining with the manubrium of the sternum has it

*OTHER RIB JOINTS ARE SYNOVIAL

ie. epiphyseal cartilage at the epiphyseal plate has synchondrosis type TEMPORARILY until we stop growing

Question 10

What is the symphysis type joint and what is an example in the cartilaginous class joints?

Answer 10

• very solid
• can stretch during childbirth

ie. intervertebral discs and pubis symphysis

Question 11

What is the Synovial class?

Answer 11

aka “diatoms” joint (because they permit the most movement)

• bones are covered with articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage), separated by joint cavities and enclosed capsules

-FREELY MOVABLE

Question 12

What are 3 common joint injuries? the causes and treatment?

Answer 12

1. Cartilage tear
   - overuse injury
   - treated by arthroscopic surgery
2. Sprains (MCL)
   - ligaments reinforcing joints are stretched or torn
   - slow healing due to poor vascularization
3. Strains
   - muscles of tendons are overstretched or torn
   - heals fast due to goof vascularization

Question 13

What are 2 inflammatory/degenerative conditions?

Answer 13

1. Tendonitis
2. Arthritis

Question 14

What is tendonitis? How do we treat?

Answer 14

• inflammation of tendons from overuse
• treat with rest, ice and anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 15

What are 2 examples of arthritis?

Answer 15

1. Osteoarthritis
   - bone ends rub together
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
   - swollen inflamed synovial membrane

Question 16

Synovial class
1. Plane joint

Answer 16

• biaxial or triaxial movement

ie. navicular and second and third cuneiforms of tarsus in foot

Question 17

Synovial class
2. Hinge joint

Answer 17

• uniaxial movement

ie. between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow

Question 18

Synovial class
3. Pivot joint

Answer 18

• uniaxial

ie. between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 19

Synovial class
4. Condylar

Answer 19

• biaxial

ie. in the wrist between radius and scaphoid and lunate

Question 20

Synovial class
5. Saddle joint

Answer 20

• biaxial

ie. between trapezium or carpus (wrist) and metacarpals of thumb

Question 21

Synovial class
6. Ball and Socket joint

Answer 21

• triaxial

ie. between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone