Module 4

Question 1

What is health workforce

Answer 1

• all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health

Question 2

What is healthcare division of labour?

Answer 2

• allocation of tasks between workforce groups on the basis of skill, education or job classification

Question 3

What is professional dominance

Answer 3

• the ways a profession uses legal and clinical autonomy to gain power over other professional groups, the professions domain and financial arrangements

Question 4

What is professionalization

Answer 4

• process by which work done by a group becomes organized, controlled, codified into regulatory and education systems

Question 5

What is scopes of practise

Answer 5

• what members of a healthcare profession are legally able to do

Question 6

What are models of care

Answer 6

The structure/organization that govern how health care professionals work together to deliver services

Question 7

What are inter professional teams

Answer 7

teams with different healthcare disciplines working together towards common goals to meet the needs of a patient population

Question 8

What are models of practise

Answer 8

a profession’s specific approach to delivering care

Question 9

What is health workforce Canada

Answer 9

new arms length organization supported by the CIHI, funded by health canada

• identify needs
• provide guidance on policy….
  -gather/share info

Question 10

What is health workforce planning

Answer 10

who is going to do what, when, where, how and with what resources for what population groups or individuals

• continuous monitoring and evaluation

Question 11

Approaches to workforce planning

Answer 11

• ratio based
• utilization based
• needs based

Question 12

ratio based approaches

Answer 12

use ratios of health care professionals to population within specific geographic regions

Question 13

pros cons of ratio based approaches

Answer 13

• early to calculate
• assumption about uniform need
• unprofessional models
• assume constant levels of provider activity

Question 14

Utilization based approaches

Answer 14

apply past healthcare utilization rates to project future demand and adjust workforce accordingly

Question 15

pros cons of utilization based approaches

Answer 15

-underestimate or overestimate need (utilization doesn’t mean need)

Question 16

Needs based approaches

Answer 16

estimate workforce requirements using demographic and epidemiological profiles and established service levels

Question 17

pros cons of needs based approach

Answer 17

• most align with objectives of system
• very resource intensive and often required data are absent

Question 18

What is regulation

Answer 18

legal framework that defines, protects, enforces important distinguishing characteristics to classify given profession

Question 19

What are protected titles

Answer 19

• only people who meet requirements can use that label

Question 20

What are regulated health professions

Answer 20

• professions with legally defined scope of practise, specialized

Question 21

unregulated health professions

Answer 21

professions that do not have a legally defined scope, may include professions not involved in direct patient care

Question 22

What is self regulation

Answer 22

government delegates regulatory authority to the profession itself

Question 23

What are regulatory colleges

Answer 23

• legal obligation to protect the public through the regulation of their registrants
• hear complaints

Question 24

What is accreditation

Answer 24

• assures that educational institutions meet required standards

Question 25

what is certification

Answer 25

attests that person has met educational/training standards

Question 26

What is registration

Answer 26

publicly identifies who is qualified as part of the profession

Question 27

What is licensing

Answer 27

grants ability to perform "restricted tasks"

Question 28

Who organizes accreditation and certification

Answer 28

- pan Canadian level

Question 29

Who organizes registration and lisencure

Answer 29

provincial level

Question 30

Cayton report

Answer 30

- reported advised sweeping changes to health professions act - reduce number of colleges and mandate single code of conduct

Question 31

is social workers a regulatory college in health

Answer 31

no, social workers act

Question 32

What is Doctors of BC

Answer 32

- represent physicians in BC - trade union - negotiate with province to determine wide range of issues - who will represent physicians

Question 33

what is supply

Answer 33

number of professionals providing health services

Question 34

what is distribution

Answer 34

locations or deployment of healthcare professionals across geographic sectors

Question 35

what is mix

Answer 35

relative number of professionals providing speciality services

Question 36

what is support

Answer 36

- addressing mental health and change management needs of health workers

Question 37

Issues in supply

Answer 37

shortage - not enough workers to meet demand/need surplus - more workers than required = under employment - consider activity and participation

Question 38

issues in distribution

Answer 38

less about overall number and more about the ways professionals are spread across geographies and care settings, imbalance between provinces, urbanvsrural, care sectors

Question 39

issues in mix

Answer 39

can be intra and inter professional - dr vs nurses... - linked to scope of practise, skill mix, and ability to task shift within teams

Question 40

issues with support

Answer 40

- workplace violence - burnout and poor mental health - all linked to intention to leave workforce as well as poor health outcomes for healthcare professionals

Question 41

issues with gender

Answer 41

- division of labour highly gendered - women underrepresented in leadership roles - gender differences in hours of work....

Question 42

Issues with indigenous status

Answer 42

- critical need to increase number of Indigenous health workers - Indigenous status data not routinely collected

Question 43

Issues with immigrant health workers

Answer 43

- lengthy and expensive certification processes for internationally trained health professionals - ethical dilemmas around active international recruitment

Question 44

Health workforce data issues

Answer 44

- critical health workforce data are inaccessible, fragmented, or not collected at all

Question 45

what are the highest supply health professionals in BC

Answer 45

- supply differs a lot - regulated nurses -unpaid family caregivers not included

Question 46

what is FTE

Answer 46

- full time or not for family physician - average FTE 0.86 - activity rates, not work happening in between care

Question 47

Ethics of international recruitment

Answer 47

- discourage active recruitment from countries that have pressing workforce needs - building robust workforce planning and implementation Strats with goal of workforce satiability and self sufficiency - international co-operation between source and destination countries

Question 48

are Canada's current policies in alignment

Answer 48

- some provinces continue to recruit from WHO safeguard list - poor approaches to workforce planning...

Question 49

Canadians studying medicine abroad

Answer 49

limited opportunities for residency training either in Canada or in their host country