Genetic Influence on Body Weight
identical twins show that genetics strongly influence metabolism and fat storage, lifestyle choice interact with these genes,
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
expectations cause people to act in ways that make those expectations come true
Ingroup/Outgroup Bias
naturally categorize into groups, favoritism towards one group
Actor/Observer Bias
attribute our own mistakes to external factors, attribute other’s mistakes to internal traits
Fundamental Attribution Error
We tend to overemphasize personality and underestimate situations when judging others
Impact of Viewing Pornography on Men
frequent pornography use by men can lead to less relationship satisfaction, unrealistic expectations about sex, increased aggression and mistreatment of women
Thin Slices of Behavior & Accuracy of Perceptions
very brief observations used to make judgments about others can often form accurate impressions
Stereotypes
oversimplified beliefs about people based on group membership like gender or ethnicity, lead to unfair prejudice or discrimination
Sexual Dysfunction and Age
ongoing problems with sexual response and pleasure influenced by stress, illness, aging. for older people, hormonal changes and medications can affect desire and performance
Robber’s Cave Study
two groups of boys at camp become hostile when competing for rewards, strong in out and out group bias, teamwork reduces prejudice and conflict.
Gender Socialization
society teaches us gender roles through family, media, and culture. These expectations influence career choices, interests, and behavior
Gender Identity
personal sense of being male, female, both, or neither. how someone experiences and understands their gender internally
Gender Roles
cultural expectations for how men and women should behave, limits individual expression, changes across cultures and time
Gender Expression
how people show their gender through clothing, hairstyle, voice, and behavior
Overweight Stigma
obesity often face bias, such as being judged as lazy or undisciplined, can harm self-esteem, mental health, and even lead to social isolation, body positivity reduces discrimination
Risk Factors for Smoking Behavior
genetic predispositions can also increase nicotine addiction, starts in adolescense due to peer pressure, curiosity, and media influence.
Gender Schema
mental framework that helps us organize information about gender from societal cues, with exposure these can become more flexible
Biological Influences on Sexual Orientation
suggests sexual orientation has these roots, identical twins are more likely to share the same orientation that fraternal twins,
Negative Emotions and Health
chronic anger, stress, or sadness, can increase the risk of diseases like heart disease or high blood pressure, managing emotions helps protect mental and physical health
Stress and Health
triggers body’s “flight or fight” response, short term can boost performance, chronic weakens immune system,
Coping with Stress Using Downward Social Comparison
people reduce this by comparing themselves to others who are worse off, helps to maintain perspective and motivation
Practicing Safer Sex
includes using condoms, limiting partners, getting STI Screening and receiving HPV vaccines,
Just World Hypothesis
people prefer to believe the world is fair, bad things only happen to bad people, comforting but can lead to victim blaming
Benefits of Exercise
strengthens heart, improves memory and mood, reduces stress, and increases life expectancy
