4 general categories of sampling programs are?
- Intuitive - based on judgement by experts (educated guess)
- statistical - independent of judgement (requires more samples then is economically feasible
- Hybrid plan - mix of intuitive and statistical
- Protocol samples - follow legally mandated plans; guidelines dictated by government
Are sampling plans the same as sampling programs
No, sampling plans are a component of sampling program
Contents of a sampling plan
- project and scope
- Type of plan
- Site ID and map
- Sample source
- Number of samples
- Frequency of sampling
- sampling approach
- Collection method
- analytical parameters and laboratory methods
- Field measurements
- Field QC
- Sampler
- Post sampling activities
- Documentation
Explain part 1. Project scope and objective of a sampling plan
Sets tone for rest of plan. Clearly defined and unambiguous. Attempts to answer “what is the main question you need an answer to”
Explain part 2 type of plan of your sampling plan
- surveillance/exploratory
- monitoring/assessment
Explain
Surveillance/exploratory plans
Involves the initial evaluation through research and direct visual observation of the site. Initial samples maybe be collected, analyzed and the results used to decide on the study boundary, analytes and sampling equipment required
Explain monitoring/assessment sampling plans
- a plan that is used to determine the concentration of an analyte over time with an area
- data from this type of sampling plan is used to regulate discharge levels of industrial operation and enforce
These are examples of what?
- reconnaissance survey
- point source characterization
- intensive study
- fixed station monitoring
- network monitoring
- ground water monitoring
- special surveys
Sample plans
Explain part 3 side id and map of a samples plan
Should be a sketch or overhead view of the location. Including: lat, long, sampling points, surrounding activities. If stratification is present, zones should be used to define Descartes samples based on stratification
Explain part 4 sample source of a sample plan
When describing (delineating) the sample source, analyst should be specific. Detailed Descriptions outlining surface or ground water and homogenous/heterogeneous/single phase/ multiphase samples
Explain part 5 number and type of samples part of a sampling plan
samples = test + control + qc + exploratory + supplementary
Should be enough samples to be representative, more then the minimum and enough for more then one analysis
Explain part 6 frequency of sampling in a sample plan
Determined by objective, specified by permit
Explain part 7 sampling approach in a sampling plan
Guidelines will typically dictate the method to be used. Should be either random, judgemental or systemic
Explain part 8 collection method of a sampling plan
Manual or automatic sampling
Explain part 9 analytical parameters and lab methods
Primary or secondary analytes
Explain part 10 field measurements of a sampling plan
Done on any that changes when removed from location (pH, conductivity and DO)
Explain part 11 field QC in a sampling plan
Identify all QC samples and where is was performed including: field blanks, equipment blanks, control samples, split samples, duplicates, rinsate blanks and trip blanks
Explain part 12 sampler of a sampling plan
Who is doing the sampling and their training
Explain part 13 post sampling activities in a sampling plan
Outline: procedures for transport, waste disposal and preservation of samples protocols
What is a coc form?
Chain of custody form.
Explain part 14 documentation of a sampling plan
Field book including weather and hydrological observations
When do you sample from control site and where
Before sampling target site. Upwind/upstream. Identical to target but without analyte
Explain grab samples
Useful for: looking at specific time and location, analytes at max concentration. Assumes no changes in temp, wind, animal habitats, precipitation and pressure (represent samples at very small time frame)
Explain composite samples
Variance cannot be observed . Useful if pollutants that layer out over time .
-Low cost, less info (compared to grab)
