1
Q
What is evolution?
A
- the change of inheritable characteristics of organisms in a population over time
2
Q
What is phylogeny?
A
- the evolutionary relationships between organisms
3
Q
What does phylogeny provide us with?
A
- a continuous tree
4
Q
What are the three pieces of evidence for evolution?
A
- paleontology
- comparative biochemistry
- comparative anatomy
5
Q
What is paleontology? How does it provide evidence for evolution?
A
- the study of fossils
- allows us to investigate relationships between living and extinct organisms
- shows a descent of modern organisms from common ancestors
6
Q
What is comparative biochemistry? How does it provide evidence for evolution?
A
- similarities and differences in proteins + molecules
- it demonstrates that certain biochemical features are common to almost all living organisms.
- investigates sequence genome - more similar –> more related
7
Q
What is comparative anatomy? How does it provide evidence for evolution?
A
- similarities and differences in organisms anatomy
- it indicates whether organisms share a common ancestor
8
Q
What is natural selection?
A
- a mechanism of evolution
states that: - there is phenotypic variation within species due to mutations
- selection pressure occurs, causing a struggle for survival
- mutations = selective advantage = more likely to survive + reproduce fertile offspring
- beneficial allele is passed on
- over time, the population possessing beneficial alleles increases over time
- leads to favorable alleles becoming part of the organism’s phenotype over time
9
Q
What is variation?
A
- differences in characteristics between organisms
10
Q
What are the four different types of variation?
A
- discontinuous and continuous
- intraspecific and interspecific
11
Q
What is discontinuous variation?
A
- where phenotypes can be grouped into 2 or more categories
(can only take a certain value)
12
Q
What is continuous variation?
A
- phenotypes vary within a range
13
Q
What is intraspecific variation?
A
- variation within the same species
14
Q
What is interspecific variation?
A
- variation within different species
15
Q
What are the three different adaptations?
A
- anatomical
- behavioral
- physiological
16
Q
What are adaptations?
A
- characteristics that increase an organism’s chance of survival + reproduction in its environment
17
Q
What are analogous structures?
A
- structures that look the same but are structurally different
18
Q
What is convergent evolution?
A
- unrelated species begin to share similar traits due to selection pressures
19
Q
What is the reason for genetic variation?
A
- random fertilisation
- crossing over
- independent assortment
- mutations
20
Q
What is standard deviation?
A
- the measure of the spread of data
21
Q
A
Decks in class (3)
# Cards
