Module 4: Joints

Question 1

what is the term used to assess injurt, rehabilitation and disease?

Answer 1

Range of Motion (RoM)

Question 2

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

Answer 2

1. Fibrous
2. cartiligous
3. Synovial

Question 3

what are the properties of fibrous joints?

Answer 3

1. held together with collagen fibers
2. no cavity
3. little to no movement

Question 4

what are the properties of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 4

1. held together with cartilige
2. little to slight movement
3. no cavity

Question 5

what are the properties of synovial joints?

Answer 5

1. joint cavity present that is filled with synovial fluid
2. has an articular capsule in the cavity
3. wide range of movement

Question 6

what are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

Answer 6

1. synarthrotic (very little)
2. amphiarthrotic (slight)
3. diarthrotic (free)

Question 7

which structure is synonymous with diarthrotic?

Answer 7

syonvial

Question 8

what are the 3 main types of fibrous structure joints?

Answer 8

1. syndemosis ligament (holds tibia and fibula together)
2. suture (short, interlocking fibers of the skull)
3. gomphosis (peg in socket of tooth in mandible)

Question 9

qhat are the 2 main types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 9

1. synchondrosis ( the growth plates in long bones)
2. symphsis ( pubic piece of cartilage)

Question 10

what are the 6 main types of synovial joints?

Answer 10

1. gliding/plane: non axial e.g. between vertebrae
2. hinge: uniaxial e.g. elbow
3. pivot: uniaxial e.g. C1 and C2 of spine (atlas and axis)
4. ellipsoid/condylar: Biaxial e.g. metacarpophalangeal
5. saddle: Biaxial pair of concave and convex area articulating e.g. carpomatacarpal joint (thumb)
6. ball and socket: multiaxial (hip)

Question 11

what functional classification is fibrous and cartilaginous joints (hint: 2)

Answer 11

1. synarthrotic (no)
2. ampiarthrotic (slight)

Question 12

what are the different axis of joints?

Answer 12

1. nonaxial: no movement, sliding bone
2. monoaxial: 1 direction, ankle
3. biaxial: 2 directions: thumb
4. multiaxial: 3 directions: shoulder

Question 13

what are the 3 main types od movement?

Answer 13

1. gliding: intercarpal
2. angular:
3. rotation: shoulder

Question 14

what are the 6 features of a synovial joint?

Answer 14

1. articular cartilgae
2. joint cavity
3. articular capsule
4. syonvial fluid and membrane
5. ligaments
6. nerves and blood vessels

Question 15

what is joint accessory structure?

Answer 15

cushioning that help preserve the health of a joint

Question 16

what areas of the joint can become dysfunctional?

Answer 16

1/ menisci
2. fat pads
3. tendons
4. bursae: fluid filled cavitities

Question 17

what makes a joint unstable?

Answer 17

movement

Question 18

what passive limitations are there on joint?

Answer 18

1. shape of articulating surface
2. menisci and disks
3. ligaments and joint capsule
4. muscle action/tendon tension (tone)

Question 19

what are the 3 main injuries of joints?

Answer 19

1. sprain: ligament stretch or tear
2. dislocation (luxation) and subluxation
3. cartilage tear: compression and shear of of cartilage

Question 20

what is osteoarthritis

Answer 20

1. chronic and degenerative
2. happens as you age
3. cartilage can’t regenerate as quickly as it’s being damaged
4. can cause osteophytes (boney lumps)

Question 21

what is rheumatoid arthriris?

Answer 21

1. autoimmune disease
2. chromic and imflammatory of the joints
3. can ossify/ankylosis (turn into bone)
4. hereditary and smoking related