1
Q
Operating system (OS)
The i________ between computer h_______ and the u___
A
interface; hardware; user;
2
Q
Hardware
The p______ components of a c_______
A
physical; computer;
3
Q
- Windows is a c____-s_____ operating system, which means the s_____ c___ is not shared freely with the p_____.
- MacOS is partially o___-s______. It has some o___ s______ components, such as macOS’s k_____.
A
cloud-source; source code; public;
open-source; open source; kernel;
4
Q
Linux
- Completely o___-s______ operating system.
- Particularly important for the s_______ industry.
A
open source; security;
5
Q
Legacy operating systems
- An operating system that is o_______ but still being u___.
- Some organizations continue to use l_____ o________ s_______ because the s_______ they rely on is not compatible with newer operating systems.
- Can be vulnerable to s_______ i______ because they are no longer s_________ or u________.
A
outdated; used;
legacy operating systems; software;
security issues; supported updated;
6
Q
Application
A p______ that performs a specific t___
A
program; task;
7
Q
A__________ send requests to the o______ s_____, and the o_______ s______ directs those requests to the h_______
A
Applications; operating system; operating system; hardware;
8
Q
Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)
A m_______ that contains l______ i_________ for the c________ and is prevalent in older systems
A
microchip; loading instructions; computer;
9
Q
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
A m______ that contains l______ i__________ for the c_________ and replaces _ _ _ _ on more modern systems
A
microchip; loading instructions; computer; BIOS;
10
Q
Bootloader
- A s_____ p_____ that b____ the operating system.
- Once the operating system has finished b______, your computer is ready for use.
A
software program; boots;
booting;
11
Q
Completing a task on a computer is a four-part process…?
A
User <–> Application <–> Operating System <–> Hardware
12
Q
It is necessary for the OS to handle r_______ and m_____ m________ in order to ensure the l______ c_______ of the c________ system is used where it is needed most.
A
resource; memory management; limited capacity; computer;
13
Q
Virtual machine (VM)
- The v_____ v_____ of a physical computer.
- V_________ is the process of using s______ to create v_____ representations of various p_____ machines.
A
virtual version;
Virtualization; software; virtual; physical;
14
Q
Random Access Memory (RAM)
- A hardware component used for s____-t___ m_____.
- If a computer has _ _ GB of RAM, it can host _ virtual machines so that the physical computer and virtual machines each have _ GB of RAM.
A
short-term memory;
16; 3; 4;
15
Q
Benefits of virtual machines
- S______: virtualization can provide an i______ environment, or a s______, on the physical host machine.
- E_______: Multiple v_____ m______ can be opened at once, and you can s_____ easily between them. This allows you to s________ s_______ tasks.
A
Security; isolated; sandbox;
Efficiency; virtual machines; switch; streamline security;
16
Q
- Virtual machines can be m______ with a software called a h_______.
- H________ help users manage m______ v_____ m_______ and connect the v______ and p______ hardware.
A
managed; hypervisor; Hypervisors; multiple virtual machines; virtual; physical;
17
Q
Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
- An o___-s_____ h________ that is supported by most major L____ distributions.
- It can be used to create v_____ m______ on any machine running a L____ operating system.
A
open-source hypervisor; Linux;
virtual machines; Linux;
18
Q
In order to carry out tasks on a c_______, users directly interact with a__________
A
computer; applications;
19
Q
- The _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ m_______ is activated when a user turns on a c________.
- The _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ m_______ loads the b________, and the b________ starts the operating system.
A
BIOS; UEFI microchip; computer;
BIOS; UEFI microchip; bootloader; bootloader;
20
Q
User interface
A program that allows the u___ to c_____ the f_______ of the operating system
A
user; control; functions;
21
Q
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A u___ i_______ that uses i____ on the screen to manage different t___ on the c_______
A
user interface; icons; tasks; computer;
22
Q
Basic GUI components
- S____ m___
- T___ b__
- D_____ with i____ and s_______
A
Start menu;
Task bar;
Desktop; icons; shortcuts;
23
Q
Command-line interface (CLI)
A t___-b_____ user interface that uses c_______ to i______ with the computer
A
text-based; commands; interact;
24
Q
A _ _ _ is an interface that only allows you to make _ request at a time.
A _ _ _ allows you to make m______ requests at a time.
A
GUI; 1;
CLI; multiple;
25
Advantages of a CLI
- E______: You can perform m______ tasks instead of just _.
- H_____ f___: The Linux CLI records a h_____ f___ where the user can go back to ensure c_______ have been correctly u___.
Efficiency; multiple; 1;
History file; history file; commands; used;
26
Security analysts use Linux by:
- Examining different types of l___ to i______ what is going on in a system
- To verify a_____ and a__________ in an i______ and a______ management system
- To use d______ f_______ tools to investigate what happened following an event
logs; identify;
access; authorization; identity; access;
digital forensic;
27
Components of Linux
- U___
- A________
- S____
- F________ H______ Standard
- K_____
- H_______
User;
Applications;
Shell;
Filesystem Hierarchy;
Kernel;
Hardware;
28
Shell
- The c_______-l___ i________
- Allows users to give c_______ to the k_____ and receive responses from it.
command-line interpreter;
commands; kernel;
29
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
- The component of the L____ _ _ that o_______ data.
- It specifies the l_______ where d___ is stored in the operating system.
Linux OS; organises;
location; data;
30
Kernel
The component of the L____ _ _ that manages p_______ and m_____
Linux OS; processes; memory;
31
Package manager
A tool that helps users i_____, m_____, and r_____ packages or applications
install, manage; remove;
32
Package
A piece of s______ that can be c_______ with other p_______ to form an a__________
software; combined; packages; application;
33
Directory
- A f___ that organizes where other f____ are stored.
- Directories are sometimes called 'f______'
file; files; folders;
34
Peripheral devices
- Hardware components that are a_______ and c________ by the c_______ s______.
- They are not c___ c_______ needed to run the computer system.
attached; controlled; computer system;
core components;
35
Internal hardware includes:
- The C____ P________ U___ (CPU)
- R_____ A_____ M______ (RAM)
- The h___ d____
Central Processing Unit;
Random Access Memory;
hard drive;
36
What type of components might be different from one Linux distribution to another?
- Their p_____ d_________
- Their u___ i_______
- Their p__-i_______ p_____
parent distributions;
user interfaces;
pre-installed programs;
37
Penetration test
A s_________ attack that helps identify v________ in s_____, n______, w______, applications and processes.
simulated; vulnerabilities; systems, networks, websites;
38
Penetration testing tools in KALI LINUX
- M_______
- B___ S____
- J___ the R______
Metasploit;
Burp Suite;
John; Ripper;
39
Digital forensics
The practice of c_______ and a______ data to determine what has happened a____ an attack
collecting; analyzing; after;
40
Digital forensic tools in KALI LINUX
- t_______
- W_______
- A______
tcpdump;
Wireshark;
Autopsy;
41
KALI LINUX
- Derived from D_____
- It should be used on a v_____ m______
- It contains many pre-installed t____ that can be used for c_________ tasks
Debian;
virtual machine;
tools; cybersecurity;
42
Ubuntu
- An o___-s_____, u___-f______ distribution that is widely used in s______ and other industries.
- D_____-derived
- Has both a c______-l___ i_______ and a g______ u___ i_______.
- Widely used for c___ c________
open-source, user-friendly; security;
Debian;
command-line interface; graphical user interface;
cloud computing;
43
Parrot
- An o___-s_____ distribution that is commonly used for security.
- Comes with pre-installed tools related to p_________ t______ an d_____ f_______.
- D____-based
open-source;
penetration testing; digital forensics;
Debian;
44
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- S_________-b____ distribution, built for e_________ use.
- Not f___
- Offers a dedicated s_____ team for c_______ to call about issues.
Subscription-based; enterprise;
free;
support; customers;
45
AlmaLinux
- A c_________-driven Linux distribution that was created as a stable replacement for C___ _ _.
- C___ _ _ used s_____ c___ published by R__ H__ to provide a similar platform.
community; CentOS;
CentOS; source code; Red Hat;
46
Package manager
- A tool that helps users i_____, m_____, and r_____ packages or applications.
- Linux uses m______ package managers
install, manage; remove;
multiple;
47
Advanced Package Tool (APT)
- A tool used with D____-derived distributions.
- It is run from the c______-l___ i_______ to m_____, s_____ and i_____ packages.
Debian;
command-line interface; manage, search; install;
48
Yellowdog Updater Modifier (YUM)
- A tool used with R__ H__-derived distributions.
- It is run from the c_______ l___ i_______ to m______, s______ and i______ packages.
- Works with .rpm files
Red Hat;
command-line interface;
manage, search; install;
49
Types of Linux shells
- B_____-A____ Shell (bash)
- _ Shell (csh)
- K___ Shell (ksh)
- E_______ _ shell (tcsh)
- _ Shell (zsh)
Bourne-Again;
C;
Korn;
Enhanced C;
Z;
50
Standard input
Information received by the _ _ via the c______ l___
OS; command line;
51
echo
A Linux command that outputs a s_______ s____ of t___
specified string; text;
52
String data
D___ consisting of an ordered s________ of c_________
Data; sequence; characters;
53
Standard output
Information returned by the _ _ through the s____
OS; shell;
54
Standard error
E____ m_______ returned by the _ _ through the s____
Error messages; OS; shell;
55
Components of Linux Architecture:
- The s____
- A_________
- The F________ H_______ S_______ (FHS)
shell;
Applications;
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard;
56
Some common Linux distributions include:
- U_____
- D_____
- F_____
- L____ M___
- A___ L_____
- o___S___
- M______
Ubuntu;
Debian;
Fedora;
Linux Mint;
Arch Linux;
openSUSE;
Manjaro;
57
The _____ communicates with the k_____ to execute commands
shell; kernel;
58
Which of the following is an example of hardware?
A) CPU
B) Kernel
C) Shell
D) Applications
A) CPU
59
Root directory
The h______-l____ directory in L____
highest-level; Linux;
60
pwd
P_____ the w______ d______ onto the screen
Prints; working directory;
61
ls
Displays the names of f____ and d______ in the current w______ d______
files; directories; working directory;
62
cd
N______ between d_______
Navigates; directories;
63
cat
Displays the c_____ of a f___
content; file;
64
head
Displays just the b________ of a f___, by default _ _ lines
beginning; file; 10;
65
whoami
Returns the u________ of the current u___
username; user;
66
An a_______ f___ path starts from the r___
A r_______ f___ path starts from the c______ d______
absolute file; root;
relative file; current directory;
67
grep
Searches for a s_______ f___ and returns all lines in the f___ containing a s________ string
specified file; file; specified;
68
| (piping)
Sends the s_______ o_____ of one command as s________ i____ to another command for further processing
| (piping)
standard output;
standard input;
69
find
- Searches for d________ and f____ that meet specified criteria.
- Eg. entering find /home/analyst/projects searches for everything starting at the _________ directory.
directories; files;
projects;
70
Worked example
To find all files in the projects directory that contain the word "log" in the file name, you would enter:
find /home/analyst/projects -name "*log*"
71
-mtime
This option can help security analysts find f____ or d_______ last modified within a certain t___ f____.
Eg. to return all files and directories in the projects directory that have been modified within the past 3 days, you would enter:
find /home/analyst/projects -mtime -3
72
mkdir
Creates a n__ d______
new directory;
73
rmdir
R_____, or d______, a directory
Removes; deletes;
74
touch
Creates a n__ f___
new file;
75
rm
R_____, or d______, a file
Removes; deletes;
76
mv
M____ a file or directory to a n__ l______
Moves; new location;
77
cp
C____ a file or directory into a n__ l______
Copies; new location;
78
- The grep command is commonly followed by the s_____ to search for and the f___ to search through.
- It is used to search f____ for specified s______
string; file; files; strings;
79
Permissions in Linux
- R___
- W____
- E______
Read;
Write;
Execute;
80
Permissions are granted for three types of owners:
- U___
- G____
- O____
User;
Group;
Other;
81
Write permissions allow users to create n__ f____ in that d_______
new files; directory;
82
Execute permissions allow users to enter into a d______ and access its f_____
directory; files;
83
ls -l
Displays p________ to f____ and d________
permissions; files; directories;
84
ls -a
Displays h_____ files
hidden;
85
ls -la
Displays p_______ to files and directories, including h_____ files
permissions; hidden;
86
chmod
Changes p________ on files and directories
permissions;
87
Principle of least privilege
- The concept of granting only the m_______ a____ and a_________ required to complete a task or function.
minimal access; authorization;
88
Using chmod
- The first argument indicates h__ to c_____ the permissions
- The second argument indicates the f___ or d_______ that you want to c_____ the permissions for
how; change;
file; directory; change;
89
Root user (or superuser)
A user with e_______ p_______ to modify the system
elevated privileges;
90
Problems with logging in as root
- S________ risks
- I__________ mistakes
- A__________
Security;
Irreversible;
Accountability;
91
sudo
Temporarily grants e_______ p_________ to specific users
elevated permissions;
92
useradd
Adds a _____ to a s______
user; system;
93
userdel
D_____ a ____ from a system
Deletes; user;
94
usermod
- M______ existing user accounts
Modifies;
95
User add/modify commands:
-g: Sets user's default g____, also called their p______ group
-G: Adds the user to additional g_____, also called s_________ or s________ groups
-d: Changes the user's h___ d_______
-l: Changes the user's l____ n___
-L: L____ the account so the user can't log in
group; primary;
groups; supplementary; secondary;
home directory;
login name;
Locks;
96
chown
- Changes o________ of a f___ or d______
1) To change the user owner of the access.txt file to fgarcia?
2) To change the group owner of access.txt to security?
ownership; file; directory;
1) sudo chown fgarcia access.txt
2) sudo chown :security access.txt
You must enter a colon ( : ) before security to designate it as a group name.
97
man
Displays i_________ on other c_______ and how they work
information; commands;
98
apropos
Searches the m_____ p___ d_________ for a specified string
manual page descriptions;
99
Database
An organized collection of i___________ or d___
information; data;
100
Relational database
A structured d_________ containing t_____ that are related to each other through p______ and f_____ keys
database; tables; primary; foreign;
101
Primary key
A c______ where every r__ has a unique entry
column; row;
102
Foreign key
A c_______ in a t____ that is a p______ key in another table
column; table; primary;
103
SQL (Structured Query Language)
A p_________ l________ used to c____, interact with, and r______ information from a database
programming language; create; request;
104
Query
A request for d___ from a d________ table or a combination of tables
data; database;
105
Syntax
The r____ that determine what is correctly s________ in a computing language
rules; structured;
106
String data
Data consisting of an o______ s________ of characters
ordered sequence;
107
INNER JOIN
Returns r___ matching a specified c_____ that exists in more than one table
rows; column;
108
Types of outer joins
- L___ J___
- R____ J___
- F___ O____ J___
LEFT JOIN;
RIGHT JOIN;
FULL OUTER JOIN;
109
LEFT JOIN
- Returns all of the r_____ of the first table.
- But only returns r___ of the s______ table that match on a specified c_____
records;
rows; second; column;
110
RIGHT JOIN
- Returns all of the r______ of the second table.
- But only returns r___ from the f____ table that match on a specified c_____
records;
rows; first; column;
111
Aggregate functions
Functions that perform a calculation over multiple d___ p_____ and return the r_____ of the calculation.
data points; result;
Google Cybersecurity
flashcards
Decks in class (9)
# Cards
-
Module 2: Managing Security Risks89
-
Module 3: Connect & Protect - Networks & Network Security115
-
Module 3: Part II103
-
Module 4: Linux and SQL111
-
Module 5: Assets, Threats and Vulnerabilities138
-
Module 5: Threats59
-
Module 6: Sound the Alarm - Detection & Response149
-
Module 7: Automate Cybersecurity Tasks with Python27
-
Module 8: Put it to Work - preparing for Cybersecurity jobs31
