Module 4 PNS

Question 1

What are basic mechanisms by which neuropharmacologic agents act

Answer 1

1. sites of action: neuron vs synapse
2. steps in synaptic transmission;
3. effects of drugs on the steps of synaptic transmission

Question 2

4 Steps of transmission

Answer 2

1. transmitter synthesis
2. Transmitter storage
3. Transmitter release
4. Receptor Binding

Question 3

Epinephrine can activate all receptors except

Answer 3

dopamine

Question 4

Norepinephrine can activate alpha 1 &2, and beta 1 receptors but not ___ or ___ receptors

Answer 4

Beta2 or domapine recpetors

Question 5

Dopamine can activate which 3 receptors

Answer 5

alpha1, beta1, and dopamine receptors

Question 6

Selectivity of neuropharmacologic drugs are

Answer 6

high selectivity

Question 7

3 functions of ANS

Answer 7

regulates heart
regulates secretory glands
regulate smooth muscle

Question 8

What are the regulatory functions of parasympathetic NS?

Answer 8

1. slows heart
2. ^gastric secretion
3. emptying bladder
4. emptying bowel
5. focusing eye for near vision
6. constricting pupil
7. constricting bronchial smooth muscle

Question 9

What are functions of sympathetic NS?

Answer 9

1. regulates CV system (to brain, vasoconstrict)
2. regulate temp (sweat/piloerection)
3. implementation of fight or flight

Question 10

What is baroreceptor reflex

Answer 10

receptors near heart monitor BP, send info to brain, brain activates ANS=constriction/dilation

Question 11

Where is acetylcholine employed

Answer 11

@ most junctions of peripheral nervous system

Question 12

Where is epi and norepinephrine released

Answer 12

Epinephrine-released by post-ganglionic neurons

Norepinephrine-released by adrenal medula

Question 13

What are cholinergic receptors mediated by?

What are subtypes?

Answer 13

Cholinergic receptors mediated by acetylcholine

SUBs: nicotinic & muscarinic

Question 14

What are Adrenergic receptors mediated by?

What are the subtypes?

Answer 14

Adrenergic receptors mediated by epi/ne

SUBS: alpha 1 &2, beta 1&2, dopamine

Question 15

What are the functions of subtypes:
Alpha 1
Alpha 2 (no significance)
Beta1
Beta 2
Dopamine

Answer 15

Alpha1-Vasoconstriction, ejaculation, contraction of bladder neck and prostate
Beta1-^HR,Contraction, AV conduction; renin release
Beta2-bronchial dilation, vasodilation, relax uterus, glycogenolysis
Dopamine-dilates renal blood vessels

Question 16

Muscarinic agonists mimic effects of _____ at muscarinic receptors

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Muscarinic antagonists selectively block effects of ____ at muscarinic receptors

Answer 17

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Therapeutic uses of bethanechol

muscarinic agonist

Answer 18

urinary retention, GI reflux

Question 19

Bethanechol actions on smooth muscles, exocrine glands, and eye

Answer 19

smooth muscles-contracts
exocrine glands-^secretions
eye- miosis & ciliary muscle contraction

Question 20

Buthanechol AE

Answer 20

hypotension, abd cramps/diarrh,^salivation, asthma exc, dysrhythmias in hypERthyroid (AVOID)

Question 21

What are cevimelime, pilocarpine, and acetylcholine used for

muscarinic agonists

Answer 21

pilocarpine-glaucoma topical tx
cevimeline and pilocarpine-dry mouth sjogrens syndome
acetycholine-rapid miosis cataract surgery

Question 22

Muscarinic antagonists ( anticholinergics) competitively block what

Answer 22

Acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors

Question 23

Most muscarinic receptors are on structures innervated by ____ nerves

Answer 23

Parasympathetic nerves

Question 24

Muscarinic drugs are also known as ( 4)

Answer 24

parasympatholytic drugs,
antimuscarinic drugs,
muscarinic blockers,
anticholinergic drugs

Question 25

Anticholinergic drugs: Produce the selective blockade of

Answer 25

muscarinic receptors (not all cholinergic receptors)

Question 26

What are pharmacological effects of atropine

Answer 26

``` ^HR vSecretions relaxes smooth muscles mydriasis, cycloplegia Mild CNS excitation, hallucination/delirium ```

Question 27

Uses for atropine

Answer 27

``` preanesthetic medication eye disorders bradycardia intestinal hypertonicity/motility muscarinic agonist poisoning PUD asthma biliary colic ```

Question 28

SE of atropine

Answer 28

``` Xerostomia blurred vision, photophobia ^intraocular pressure urinary retention constipation anhidrosis tachycardia asthma ```