Module 4-Prefixes Flashcards by Dana Athena Augusto

consists of one or more letters, preceding the

root word.

Prefix

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Prefix modify a medical term by indicating a

structure’s or a condition’s:

Absence
Location
Number or quantity
State

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up, back again

ana-

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building up

anabolism

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before

ante-

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before delivery

antepartum

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down, through

cata-, kata-

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breaking down

catabolism

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beginning, origin

gen-

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origin

genesis

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beyond, over, between, change, or next to

meta-

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next to the wrist

metacarpal

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night

noct(i)-

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occuring in the night

nocturnal

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night

nyct(o)-

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pain during the night

nyctalgia

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after

post-

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after birth

postpartum

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before

pre-

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before birth

prenatal

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prim-

first

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primary

first in order

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prot(o)-

first

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protype

original or first form

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sym-, syn-

together, union

synergetic

working together

telo-

end

telophase

end phase of mitosis

ter(t)-

third

tertiary

third in order

acro-

extremity, tip

acrocyanosis

bluish color of hands and feet

anti-

against

antidote

action against a potion

apo-

separation or derivation from

aponia

separation of the mind, confusion

circum-

around

circumoral

around the mouth

contra-

opposite, against

contralateral

opposite side

dorso-, dorsi-

back

dorsiflexion

bending back

ecto-

outside, misplaced

ectopic

outside the intended place

endo-

within

endocardial

within the heart

epi-

on, over, upon

epigastric

over the stomach

eso-

within

esoteric

hidden within

extra-

outside of, in addition to, beyond

extracorporeal

outside the body

fore-

before, in front

forebrain

front part of brain

hyper-

above, excessive, beyond

hyperactive

excessive activity

hypo-

below, under

hypodermic

under the skin

infra-

below

infracostal

below the ribs

inter-

between parts

intercellular

between the cells

intra-

within the part

intracellular

within the cell

juxtra-

near

juxtaspinal

near the spine

medi-

middle

medial

near the midline

meso-

middle

mesoderm

middle layer of skin

ob-

against, in the way, oppose

obstruction

something in the way of normal flow

para-

beyond, beside

paraspinal

beside the spine

peri-

around

perinatal

around the time of birth

pro-

for, in front of, before

prodromal

symptom that comes before

schizo-, schisto-

split, divided

schizonychia

splitting nails

sub-

beneath

subcostal

beneath the ribs

super-

excessive, above

superciliary

hairs above the eyes

supra-

above, over

suprapubic

above the pubic bone

tele-

distant, far

telangiectasia

dilatation of distant capillaries such as in the nose

trans-

across, through, over, beyond

transabdominal

through the abdominal wall

ultra-

excessive, extreme

ultrasonic

sound waves at the extreme edge of the audio frequency range

a-, an-

without, absent

anemia

absence of blood

allo-

another, different form

allomorphic

assuming a different form

ambly-

dull

amblyopia

dull vision

andro-

male

androgen

male sex hormone

angi(o)-

vessel, duct, usually a blood vessel

angiospasm

contraction of a blood vessel

atel-

imperfect

atelectasis

imperfect expansion of lungs

auto-

self

autogenesis

starting with oneself

bacter-

bacteria

bacteroid

resembling a bacteria

bi(o)-

life

biochemistry

chemistry of living matter

brady-

slow

bradycardia

slow heart rate

cac(o)-

bad, ill

cacogeusia

bad taste

co-, com-, con-

with, together

congenital

born with

cry(o)-

cold

cryosurgery

destruction of tissue by application of cold

crypt(o)-

hidden

cryptorchidism

undescended hidden testicle

dys-

difficult

dysmenorrhea

difficult menses

eu-

good, normal

euthanasia

good death

glycol-, gluco-

sugar, sweet

glycolysis

breakdown of sugar

gyn-, gyneco

female

gynecology

study of the female

haplo-

single, simple

haploderma

simple skin inflammation

hetero-

other, different

heterosexual

other sex

homeo

unchanged

homeostasis

state of equilibrium

homo-

same

homosexual

same sex

hydra-, hydro-

water

hydrocele

watery hernia

idio-

peculiar to the individual, distinct

idiopathic

disease with no known cause arising in an individual

iso-

equal, same

isopia

equal vision in both eyes

mal-

bad

malabsorption

impaired absorption

neo-

new, strange

neonatal

newborn

non-

not

noninfectious

not able to spread

norm(o)-

normal

normovolemia

normal blood volume

ortho-

straight

orthodontia

procedure to straighten teeth

oxy-

sharp, acute, rapid

oxytocia

rapid labor

paleo-

old

paleopathology

study of ancient diseases

path(o)-

disease, suffering

pathogenic

capable of producing diseases

phage(o)-

eat, consume

phagocyte

cell that can consume other substances

poikilo-

varied

poikilocyte

irregularly shaped blood cell

pseudo-

false

pseudocyst

false cyst

sclera-

hard

sclerosis

hardening of tissue

stereo-

solid, firmly established, three dimensional

stereotype

firmly established attitude

tachy-

fast

tachycardia

fast heart rate

terato-

malformed, monster

teratoid

resembling a monster

therap-

treatment

therapeutic

having a healing effect

thermo-

heat, warmth

thermometer

a device used to measure heat

toxic-

poison

toxicosis

disease caused by a poison

trachy-

rough

trachyphonia

rough voice

xero-

dry

xerocheilia

dry lips

thousands

milli-

millenium

1000 years

century

100 years

ten

dec-, deca-

deipara

a woman with ten offsprings

one

mono-, uni-

unilateral, monocular

on one side seeing in only one eye

two

bi-

bifurcate

split in two directions

three

tri-

triplets

three babies

four

quadri-, tetra-

quadriplegia

paralyzed in all four extremities

five

quint-

quintuplets

five babies

six

sex-, ses-, hexa-

sextuplets

six babies

seven

septa-, hepta-

septuplets

seven babies

eight

octa-, octi-, octo-

octigravida

eight pregnancies

nine

nona-, noni-, nonu-

nonipara

a woman with nine offsprings

ankylo-

crooked, bent

ankylosing

bent spine

apex

point

apex of the heart

the pointed, lower end of the heart

calyx, calix

cup shape

calyx

cup-shaped area, especially of the kidney

conus

cone shape

medulla conus

the cone-shaped area at the lower end of the spinal cord

eury-

broad, flat

eurycephalic

flat head

ortho-

straight

orthodontia

straightening of the teeth

pachy-

thick

pachyotia

thick ears

platy-

flat

platycephalic

flat head

plico-

fold

fundoplication

procedure in which the stomach is folded

steno-

narrow, contracted

arterial stenosis

narrowing of the arteries

alba-

white

albino

appearing white

chloro-

green

chloroplast

green body found in cells

chromo-

color

chromocyte

colored cell

cirrh-

yellow

cirrhosis

yellowing of the liver

cyano-

blue

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

erythro-

red

erythropoiesis

formation of red blood cells

leuko-

white

leukocyte

white blood cell

lute-

yellow

luteinizing hormone

hormone causing yellow areas in the ovary

melano-

black

melanoma

black mole

nigro-

black

substantia nigra

black area in the brain

rube-

red

rubor

redness of skin

xantho-

yellow

xanthoma

yellow spot

ab-

away from

abduct

move away from

ad-

to, toward

adduct

move toward

clin(o)-

slope

clinocephaly

sloping or flatness of the top of the head

de-

to do the opposite, off of, to remove entirely, away, not, down

decapitate

to remove the head

dextro-

right

dextrogastria

stomach on the right side of the body

dia-

apart, separate

diastasis

a separation of joined parts

out

enucleate

remove the eye

ex-

away from, out completely

exhale

breathe out

in-, im-

in, inside, within, not

immerse, injection

dip into, force into

ir-

against, into,toward

irradiate

emit rays into

levo-

left

levoduction

movement to the left

opisth-

backward

opisthognathism

lower jaw is pushed backward

pro-, proso

forward, anterior, first, in front of

proptosis

forward bulging of the eyes

re-

back, again

reflex

bend back

retro-

behind, backward

retrograde

going backward

sinistr(o)-

left

sinistrocular

stronger vision in the left eye

a-, an-

none

anuria

no urine

anis(o)-

unequal

anisognathic

upper and lower jaw are different sizes

brachy-

short

brachycephalic

short head

brevi-

short, slow

brevicollis

shortness of the neck

lepto-

small, slender, soft

leptophonia

soft voice

macro-, mega-

large

macrorhinia

large nose

micro-

small

microtia

small ears

mio-

less, smaller

miosis

pupil size is smaller

olig(o)-

little, small, scanty, deficient

oliguria

small amount of urine

per-

excessive, through, by means

per-

excessive, through, by means of

ambi-, amphi-

both

ambidextrous

using both hands

bi-

two

bifurcation

two branches

centi-

100

centimeter

1/100 meter

deca-

decaliter

10 liters

deci-

1/10th

deciliter

1/10 liter

demi-

half

demibrain

half a bath (sitz bath)

di-, dis-

two, twice, doubly

dioxide

two oxygen molecules

diplo-

double

diplopia

double vision

hemi-

half

hemiplegia

half-paralyzed state

holo-

whole, all

holography

all three-dimensions in a picture

milli-

1000

millimeter

1/1000 meter

mono-

one

mononuclear

one nucleus

multi-

many

multigravia

many pregnancies

null(i)-

no, none

nullipara

woman who has not borne children

pan-

all

panphobia

fear of all things

pleo-

many, more

pleomorphic

having many shapes

plur(i)-

many, more

pluriglandular

many glands

poly-

many

polycystic

many cysts

quadr(i)-

four

quadriplegia

having four extremities paralyzed

semi-

half

semicircular

half circle

tetra-

four

tetradactyly

having only four toes

tri-

three

triplets

three offspring at one birth

uni-

one

unilateral

one side

Module 4-Prefixes Flashcards

(347 cards)