Module 4.1 : Contraception

Question 1

what two hormones are contained within oral contraception

Answer 1

• estrogen and progesterone

Question 2

what changes does oral contraception cause

Answer 2

• ovulation does not occur
• cervical mucus thicken so sperm cannot pass trough the cervix
• changes uterine lining as well

Question 3

characteristics of the. mini pill

Answer 3

• progesterone only
• ovulation may occur
• cervical mucus thicken thus not allow sperm through cervix

Question 4

what is the birth control patch

Answer 4

• contains estrogen and progestin
• hormones absorbed through the skin
• ( same changes as birth control pills)

Question 5

what is the birth control injection called

Answer 5

• depo provera

Question 6

what hormone is in the birth control injection

Answer 6

• progestin

Question 7

characteristics fo the birth control injection

Answer 7

• 1 shot lasts 12 weeks - 3 months
• prevents ovulation
• thick cervical mucus
• can be used by
  + smokers
  + over 35
  + breastfeeding
• may improve endometriosis

Question 8

vagina contraceptive ring characteristics

Answer 8

• placed in the vagina for 3 weeks
• replaced every month
• hormones are absorbed into the body
• secretes estrogen and progesterone
• (other contraceptive changes)

Question 9

how long after intercourse can the emergency contraceptive pill

Answer 9

• 5 days

Question 10

how does plan b work

Answer 10

• one pill right away second pill 12 hours later
• contains high dosage of estrogen and progestin
• uterine lining is changes so implantation will not occur
• vaginal mucus will change as well

Question 11

IUCD characteristics

Answer 11

• copper or plastic
• inserted by physician
• prevents implantation
• two types

Question 12

two types of IUCD

Answer 12

• mirena

- copper IUD

Question 13

mirena characteristics

Answer 13

• small soft t shape
• progestin
• inserted by physician
• can be left in for up to 5 years
• 99.9%
• changes uterine lining
• thickens cervical mucus
• prevent ovulation

Question 14

copper t characteristics

Answer 14

• small soft t shape plastic coats with copper wire
• can be left in for 5 years
• very effective
• change endo so implantation doesnt occur
• vaginal mucus thickened

Question 15

ultrasound of IUCD

Answer 15

• check position/presence

- should be fundal in uterus

Question 16

sonographic appearance of IUCd

Answer 16

• hyperechoic echoes in endo
• comet tail artifact
• posterior shadowing

Question 17

common complications with IUCD

Answer 17

• expulsion into abdominal cavity
• improper location
• PID
• ectopic pregnancy
• pregnancy IUCD causing complication

Question 18

pregnancy with IUCD

Answer 18

• 40% spontaneously abort
• abort due to rupture of membranes or infection
• 1/20 are ectopic
• increased risk of preterm delivery with attempted removal of IUCD
• may see if gestation < 12 weeks

Question 19

5 types of barrier contraception

Answer 19

• female condoms
• male condoms
• sponge with spermicide
• cervical caps
• diaphragms

Question 20

surgical contraception for female

Answer 20

- tubal ligation 
   \+ permanent 
   \+ surgical procedure 
   \+ laparoscopy 
- some places insert coils into the Fallopian tubes

Question 21

male sterilization

Answer 21

• vasectomy
  + permanent
  + ligation of vas deferens
  + ejaculation without sperm

Question 22

medical abortions with methotrexate

Answer 22

• growth inhibitor
• up to 7 weeks LMP
• injection
• pregnancy ends in day or two
• may take up to 4 weeks to terminate

Question 23

induced abortions

Answer 23

• surgical or therapeutic

Question 24

types of surgical abortions

Answer 24

• manual vacuum aspiration
• D&C = dilation and curettage
• D&E = dilation and evacuation
  + second trimester abortion
  + termination of lethal chromosomal anomalies
  + ultrasound to guide