Associative account for CBM
Idea that CBM targets distortions in automatic mental processes (cog biases) which are driven by associative representations and maintain addiction
Inferential account of CBM
Idea that CBM works through changes in propositional representations containing info about how concepts are causally related
How does maladaptive behaviour result according to the inferential account of CBM
Not result from automatic activation of associations between stimuli and responses BUT from goal-driven inferences about the relevance of the behaviour to people‘s goal
ABC training
New approach to CBM in which participants are trained with
A: personally relevant antecedent cues
B: to make goal-relevant behavioural choices
C: in light of their consequences
Self-ordered pointing test (SOPT)
MEASURING WORKING MEMORY
CBM used for which 2 purposes
- test the causal role of the bias
- can be clinically applied to reduce maladaptive cognitive biases
3 factors that have been identified to improve ABM
- participants should be motivated to improve their training performance + control over their attention
- large number of different stimuli should be presented during training (generalisation) toward new stimuli
- multiple training sessions necessary to have more profound + lasting effec
3 changes to improve CBM based on the inferential account
Change 1: gaol-relevant alternative behaviours
Change 2: personally relevant consequences
Change 3: personally relevant antecedent context
Cognitive biases
Biased pattern of information processing
Implicit cognitive biases
Unconscious/automatic patterns of thinking that occur without deliberate awareness or control
they often stem from implicit associations formed through repeated exposure to certain stimuli or social conditioning
explicit cognitive biases
Conscious/deliberate patterns of thinking that individuals are aware of and can articulate
Involve intentional judgements or beliefs that individuals consciously endorse
Criticism dual process models
- the characteristics of the different systems are not well correlated
- many processes have some mixture of characteristics
- no isolatable system
Way to improve Cognitive Training
- Gamification (does not yet show improvement)
- more personalised alternative goals
- personalised learning parameters
- training based on more reliable assessment
- training after reactivation (disruption of memory reconsolidation)
- add neurostimulations
