Mobility
- Being mobile
- State or quality of being mobile or movable, necessary for the performance of ADL (eating, dressing, walking)
- Purposeful physical movements, fine complex movements, & coordonation
Scope of Mobility
Full mobility - Partial/Impaired - Immobility
Someone who is both mobile and immobile?
Partial paralysis, advanced age, weakness, stroke, fractures, pregnancy, hemiplegia, paraplegic
When is immobility beneficial?
- after injury
- recovering from illness or surgery
- both reduce the risk of aggravation
Full mobility (Scope)
- gross simple movements (move limbs)
- fine complex movements (move digits like fingers)
- coordination (coordinate movements)
Partial/Impaired Mobility (Scope)
- limitation in physical movement
- limits in limbs, digits, or coordination of those
Immobility (Scope)
- inability to move
- loss of coordination
Is impairment in mobility permanent?
No, not always
What are the modifications like in mobility?
Transient, recurring, or permanent
How does aging contribute to mobility problems?
It affects the functioning of skeletal, muscular, and nervous system
What is impaired mobility due to?
- neurologic conditions (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
- skeletal conditions
- muscle conditions
- joint conditions (cartilage, tendons, ligaments)
Bone Remodeling
- process in which existing bone is broken down (bone resorption) and replaced by new bone (bone deposition)
1) Activation: osteoclasts stimulated by PTH, stress, glucocorticoids, etc.
2) Resorption: osteoclasts break down bone & form a resorption cavity
3) Reversal: switch from resorption to bone formation and the macrophages clear the cavity
4) Formation: osteoblasts are recruited and function in the synthesis of new bone (3-4 months)
Bone resorption
- existing bone is broken down
What is bone deposition?
- new bone added to existing bone
Age-related changes: Neurologic system
Thinning of intervertebral discs causing spinal nerve compression
Age-related changes: Bone (skeletal)
- decreased bone density and risk of fracture
- vertebral collapse (kyphosis)
Age-related changes: Joints
- degeneration of articular cartilage causing osteoarthritis
- stiffening of ligaments and joints
Age-related changes: Muscles
Decreased muscle mass and strength
Risk factors for impaired mobility?
- advanced age
- chronic pain
- injury/trauma
- congenital deformities
- nutritional deficiencies
- stroke
- cancer
- meds
- COPD
- spinal injuries
- cardiovascular/respiratory disease
- advanced dementia
- obesity
Kyphosis
- increased front-to-back curve of the upper spine
- curvature of the spine measuring 50 degrees or greater
- exaggerated, forward rounding of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture
- due to weakness in the spinal bones that causes them to compress or crack
Osteoporosis
- reduction of total bone mass
- due to imbalance in bone remodeling
- resorption > formation
- metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density (ie. Increased porosity) & strength in which both the bone matrix & mineralization are decreased
- multifactorial disease characterized by absolute reduction in the total bone mass
- reduction in blood mass occurs due to an imbalance in bone remodeling (osteoblast & osteoclast)
- often associated with aging process; in those older than 85 years old (one-third)
- women > men (especially after menopause)
