Module 6.1 - Scientist-practitioner model & evidence based practice

Question 1

What are two criticisms of the scientist-practitioner model

Answer 1

Model is aspirational and not clear how it applies to multiple workplaces
Not all people will be involved in clinical practice & research

Question 2

What does the scientist-practitioner model rely upon

Answer 2

the premise that individuals should both utilise and produce scientific research, and that this research should in turn inform their practice.

Question 3

Does APAC mandate the scientist-practitioner model in education

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What skills are related to the scientist-practitioner model

Answer 4

core research-related skills (i.e., critical thinking, higher-order skills)
pre-clinical
clinical skills

Question 5

What is evidence based practice

Answer 5

The integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of the client (culture and preferences)

Question 6

What 3 components make up evidence based practice

Answer 6

The best external research evidence
The practitioner’s tacit and explicit knowledge, expertise and experience
The client’s characteristics, values, presentation and preferences

Question 7

What is the difference between evidence based practice and evidence based treatment

Answer 7

EBP starts with the client instead of with a treatment for the particular types of disorders

Question 8

In what context does evidence based practice occur

Answer 8

Within the environment of the organisation you are working for

Question 9

What is the six step process for EBP?

Answer 9

1. Assessing the patient
2. Ask the right question
3. Access the evidence
4. Appraise the evidence
5. Apply the evidence
6. Audit clinical practice

Question 10

What is the hierarchy of evidence?

Answer 10

1. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
2. Randomised Control Trials
3. Cohort studies
4. Case controls studies
5. Case series
6. Case reports
7. Ideas, editorials, opinions
8. Animal research
9. In vitro research

Question 11

In randomised control trials, what types of significance are required?

Answer 11

Statistical and clinical

Question 12

In randomised control trials, what is the miminum effect size

Answer 12

Cohen’s D of 0.3 - 0.6

Question 13

What determines if an intervention is evidence-based

Answer 13

RCTs that are then systmetically reviewed (Cochrane reviews)

Question 14

What are the review bodies?

Answer 14

• Cochrane Collaboration and the National Institute for Clinical Evidence (NICE) in the UK;
• the Australian Psychological Society in Australia; and
• the World Health Organisation, globally.

Question 15

In what terms are cochrane reviews presented

Answer 15

PICO - Participants, Interventions, Comparisons and Outcomes

Question 16

What are NICE standards?

Answer 16

short, evidence-based statements to help health practitioners deliver quality improvements in practice

Question 17

What are Healy’s criticisms of EBP?

Answer 17

• ghost writing by BigPharma
• lack of access to data
• bias towards publishing only positive research results
• some interventions may receive greater funding support (e.g. psycho-pharmacology versus psychotherapy)
• due to the many exclusion criteria, random controlled trails are based on specific experimental groups and may lack ecological validity.

Question 18

What is the Dodo bird verdict?

Answer 18

the effect size of evidence has little to do with model of treatment, and is from the common factor of all treatments, the therapeutic alliance

Question 19

What is the finding of Moriana et al (2017)

Answer 19

most structured psychotherapies are fairly equivalent in terms of their effectiveness and that certain factors, such as patient characteristics, therapist characteristics and therapeutic rapport, contribute to the change more than the psychotherapy practiced.