Module 7 > Module 7 Study Focus > Flashcards

Module 7 Study Focus Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bronchodilator and what receptors does it work on along with what body system is it used for

A

A medication that dilates the bronchioles airways and works on the b2 receptors in the lunch with b1 activation in the heart. This med is used to treat abnormalities in pulmonary system

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2
Q

Epinephrine

A

(Adrenaline)

Classification: Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic

Action:
-Stimulates alpha and beta receptors
-increases heart rate
-increases AV conduction
-increases force of myocardial contractility
-increases vasoconstriction (increases SVR)
-Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (↓ A/W resistance)
-Increases coronary and cerebral blood flow

Indications:
-Anaphylaxis
-Near death asthma
-Croup/Stridor (nebulized)

Contraindications:
-Hypersensitivity
-No indications

Dose:
Adult
o Asthma/Anaphylaxis: 0.3 – 0.5 mg IM/SQ 1:1,000
o Stridor: 5.0 mg (5 ml) of 1:1000 nebulized
Pediatric
o Asthma/Anaphylaxis: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1000) IM or SQ max 0.5 mg
o Croup/Stridor (See Chart) – Nebulized (0.5 mg/kg 1:1,000 to a max of 5.0 mg
mixed with NaCl 0.9% to make 5.0 ml of solution)

Side Effects:
-Anxiety
-Headache
-HTN
-Cardiac dysrhythmias
-Tremors
-Chest pain
-Nausea/vomiting

Precautions:
-Cardiovascular disease
-Elderly patients
-Hypertension
-Pregnancy

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3
Q

What are the two contridictions for glycogen

A

Hypersensitivity and pheochromacytoma

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4
Q

A drug action caused by immunological response to a previous exposure is known as what type of reaction

A

Allergic reaction

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5
Q

Define idiosyncrasy

A

When a drug effect is unique to the individual

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6
Q

Define efficacy

A

The drugs ability to cause the expected response

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7
Q

Define depressant

A

A drug that diminishes a persons central nervous system function

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8
Q

Why does age affect the drug response in the body

A

Liver and kidney begin to deteriorate with age and are less affective

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9
Q

What are 4 contridictions for nitroglycerine ( why you shouldn’t do it)

A

Hypotension (<90mmHg)

Severe bradycardia / tachycardia (,50 or >150BPM)

Increased ICP or intercranial hemorrhage

Patients taking erectile dysfunction medication

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10
Q

Are nebulizers considered oral drugs ?

A

No.

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11
Q

Teratogenic drug

A

Deform or kill a fetus

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12
Q

What do agonist medications do when they bind to a receptor VS

Antagonist

A

They cause it to initiate the expected response

Block it form being stimulated by other chemical mediators and inhibit normal response

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

5 forms of enteral medication administration

A

PO
Sublingual
Rectal
Orogastric
Buccal

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15
Q

What would gastrointestinal treat

A

Antacids

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16
Q

How does the blood-brain barrier exclude some drugs from distribution

A

The tightness of the BBB precludes the entrance of most pharmaceuticals into the brain via passive transcytosis

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17
Q

Parenteral medication administration

A

Enters the boy from all routes that do not go into the gastrointestinal tract

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18
Q

What are the four major sources that drugs are taken from

A

Plants
Animal
Mineral
Synthetic

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19
Q

Which pass reduces the amount of drug available for distribution

A

First pass

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20
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

How to drug affects the body

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21
Q

Why would you admin salbutamol

A

Bronchoconstriction and wheezing with SOB

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22
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of solvent in a solution from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

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23
Q

What is naloxone and how does it work on opioid toxicity

A

Narcan

Blocks the opioid from the receptor inhibiting respiratory drive and allows the patient to regain the ability to breath

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24
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

Study of how the body handles the drug

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25
What are the four components of pharmacokinetic
Absorption Distribution Biotransformation Excretion
26
Define synergism
Combination of two drugs that is greater than the sum of each individual agent acting independently
27
What is the dose of salbutamol via nebulizer mask
5.0mg
28
What is the classification of ketorolac and what is it
Toridal Non steroidal anti inflammatory
29
Define potentiation
The enchantment of one drug caused by the concurrent administration of the second drug
30
What is the mechanism of action for epinephrine
Stimulation of B1 receptors increasing the heart rate
31
Kidneys are the
Primary organ of drug excretion
32
Liver is the
Primary organ for drug biotransformation
33
Define onset of action
The time the drug was administered until it reaches its minimum effective concentration
34
Define stability
Pharmaceutical product possesses the same physical and chemical properties and charterictis that was possessed at the time of its manufacture. (90% of the active ingredient )
35
Due diligence
Need for record to ensure stalk doesn’t go missing
36
Why do we require cold chains between the manufacturer and the end user
If they’re exposed to temperature that isn’t between 2-8 dress Celsius it can loss stability and desaturation
37
How do you transfer cold chain product
Ice packs Refrigerator blanket Cold chains product Refrigerator Blaket Ice pack
38
Potentiation
Occurs when a mixture of two or more drugs produces a greater response than expected
39
Primary site fore drug biotransformation
Liver
40
Pharmokinetics
The body’s response to a drug
41
How much is 1 liter
1000ml
42
Synergism
Combination action of two drugs that is greater than the su fo the individual acting agent
43
Depressant
Diminishes a persons central nervous system
44
Therapeutic index of a drug measurement ratio is
Lethal dose VS effective dose
45
Agonist
Drug causing physiological response
46
What drug class is used to treat respiratory distress
Bronchodilator
47
CPR
Facts sheets that drug manufactures supply with most medications
48
Side effects
Undeseriable but expected effect
49
On set of action
Time from admin of the drug until it reaches minimum effect
50
Idiosyncrasy
Abnormal response to a drug that is possibly caused by a genetic deficiency
51
Naloxone desired effect on narcotics is apart if which ism
Antagonism
52
Drug admin by parental route are delivered through everything but
The gastrointestinal tract
53
Biological half life
The amount to time required to metabolize and eliminate half of the drug dose
54
Binding
Attraction between the drug and receptor
55
What would you ask a patient about med history
Prescribed and over the counter drugs vitamins homeopathic remedies and nay adverse reaction
56
What are the 3 purposes of collecting blood through phlebotomies
Electrolyte level Substance level Blood composition
57
Sublingual
Under the tongue
58
PO
By mouth
59
Efficiency
Drugs ability to cause the expected response
60
What is the most utilized prehospital drug
Normal saline
61
Subcutaneous injection
Beneath the skin below the dermal layer
62
How do the drugs act in the body to get its way
Alters metabolic pathways Chemically binds with each other Change the physical properties of the cell
63
7 Rs
Persons,drug,dose,time,route,documentation,Refuse
64
Antagonist
Binds to receptors anad produces no affects Blocks and interferes with the effects
65
Agonist
Drug that binds to receptors to produce a biological response by activating it
66
Nitroglycerin
Nitro dur Classification: Anti-angina, vascular smooth muscle relaxer, vasodilator Mechanism of Action: -Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, there by dilating the veins and arterioles (at higher doses), causing blood pooling, which reduces the preload thus decreasing workload of the heart muscle -Reduces left ventricular systolic wall tension, which decreases afterload Indications: -Possible ischemia due to ACS: -Unstable angina -AMI -Pulmonary edema/CHF Contraindications: -Hypotension (< 90 mmHg) -Severe bradycardia/tachycardia (< 50 or > 150 bpm) -Increase ICP or intracranial hemorrhage -Patients taking erectile dysfunction medications -Viagra within 24 hours -Cialis, Levitin, Staxyn within 36 hours Dose: -0.4 mg SL q 3 - 5 min Side Effects: -Headaches, hypotension, bradycardia, postural syncope, weakness, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, reflex tachycardia Precautions: -Administration to Right Ventricular Infarction patients, due to preload dependency, can result in hypotension
67
D50W
Classification- carbohydrate Action - increases blood glucose levels - hypertonic solution producing a transient movement of water from interstitial spaces into the venous system Indications -hypoglycaemia (<4.0mmol/L who are unable to rake oral glucose) Contradictions -hyperglycaemia (excess of glucose / diabetics ) Dose Adults - 25g ivp, may repeat once Pediatric- 0.5-1g/kg slow IVP dilute 1:1 with sterile water ( may repeats once, max total 25g) Side effects -phlebitis (inflammation of vein walls) - tissue necrosis (tissue death) -rebound hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) Precautions -tissue necrosis -neurological symptoms in alcoholics -patients with increased intracranial pressure may worsen cereal edema (swollen brain )
68
Define transdermal
Absorbed Through the skin
69
Define Mucous membrane and where the sites are
Absorbed through the mucous membrane at a rapid rate Tongue, cheek, eye, nose, ear
70
Define enteral admin
Delivery of any med that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract Oral sublingual buccal gastric tube rectal
71
How do you admin buccal meds
Between the patients cheek and gum
72
Drug admin usually requiring a needle and outside of the gastrointestinal tract
Parenteral admin.
73
What route do you use for pulmonary drug administration
Parenteral drug route inhalation or injection
74
What’s the best device for inhalation
PMDI
75
At what angle do you hold your needle for intradermal injection
10-15 just under the skin
76
Where can you inject subcutaneous
Arms legs tummy 45 degree angle
77
Intramuscular injection sites
90 degrees Deltoid Dorsal glute Vastus laterails Rectus femoris
78
What are the two types of venous access
Peripheral and central
79
Macro drip vs micro drip
10-20 gtts= 1 ml for giving large amounts of fluid 60gtts=1mil for restricting amounts of fluid
80
What does blood tubing prevent
Prevent clots
81
When do you obtain venous blood
When drug admin is needed Before drug admin During peripheral access
82
Proper application of a tourniquet fro she of establishing and iv should result in
Tamponade of the venous vessel without occlusion of the arterial vessel
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