Ob/Gyne 3 > Module 9 : 3D/4D > Flashcards

Module 9 : 3D/4D Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

what are the clinical applications of 3D/4D

A
  • fetal portrait
  • nose/lips
  • NTD
  • hands, feet, ankles
  • heart
  • mullein duct anomalies
  • endometrium
  • IUDS
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2
Q

what is method 1 of 3D/4D

A
  • free hand 2D
  • transducer manually moving over the area of interest
  • no measurements, no extra equipment
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3
Q

what si method 2 for 3D/4D

A
  • separate transmitter created an electromagnetic flied

- sensor attached to outside of the 2D transducer

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4
Q

what is method 3 for 3D/4D

A
  • mechanical
  • motor within transducer provides sweep
  • steered electronically without external parts
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5
Q

what is method 4 for 3D/4D

A
  • matrix transducer
  • cardiac applications
  • more crystals
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6
Q

what is ROI

A
  • region of interest
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7
Q

what si MPR

A
  • multiplayer reconstruction
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8
Q

what is pixel

A
  • smallest unit of 2D image
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9
Q

what is a voxel

A
  • smalles unit of 3D volume data set
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10
Q

what do the width height and volume angle correspond to

A
  • x,y,z
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11
Q

what is the volume angle

A
  • information acquired in the z axis

- distance the transducer covers in a sweep

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12
Q

what comes from a slow acquisition speed

A
  • more slices
  • better quality volume
  • higher resolution
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13
Q

what comes from a fat acquisition speed

A
  • active fetus

- eliminates fetal motion

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14
Q

how does the image quality change between 2D to 3D

A
  • SAME

- optimal 2D = optimal 3D

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15
Q

what 3 factors affect image quality

A
  • maternal size
  • decreased amniotic fluid
  • fetal positon
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16
Q

how is multiplayer reconstruction does

A
  • A= X, B=Y, C=Z
  • A and B determines ROI
  • C = size of volume
  • B and C have lower resolution than A
  • C lowest resolution
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17
Q

what is the red dot

A
  • the point where all three dots intersect
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18
Q

what is tomographic ultrasound

A
  • series of tomographic images

- similar to CT or MRI

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19
Q

what are the purpose fo rendering modes

A
  • allows different characteristics to be highlighted

-

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20
Q

what is the surface smooth rendering

A
  • gives face the smooth surfaces of skin which is popular with parents
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21
Q

what si surface texture rendering

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A
  • enhances the details of a surface
22
Q

what is gradient light rendering

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A
  • illuminating giving a depth of impression

- more life like

23
Q

what is important to think about with threshold

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A
  • manually adjusted

- importnat info can be eliminated

24
Q

what is a low threshold

25
what is a high threshold
- eliminates skin look at bony structures
26
what is the electronic scalpel
- removes unwanted structures from an image - placenta from face - uterine wall
27
what is maximum skeletal or X ray mode
- eliminates weaker signals like soft tissue | - used for some syndromes
28
what is inversion
- hypoechoci structures turned into solid structure - digital cast - gray scale removed - cystic areas echogenci
29
what is the obstetrical application of inversion technique
- fetal ventricles - dilated fetal urinary tract - heart and vessels - feal stomaach
30
what are the gynaecological application of inversion technique
- saline filled uterus - PCOS - hydrosalpinx - follicular monitoring
31
what is glass body or transparent and was is it used with
- makes tissue transparent to visualize vessels better | - used with power doppler
32
what is VOCAL
- virtual organ computer aided analysis | - software program used to measure the volume of an irregular object
33
how does VOCAL allow contour mapping of a structure
- data set rotates 180º around fixed central axis - tracing object contour - contours outlined - system recreates a model of all the contours
34
what is the 3D vs 4D
- static - single sweep through an area - volume is stored and viewed in many formats
35
what is the difference between 4D vs 3D
- liver or real time | - transducer elements continuously sweeping back and forth
36
what are some of the applications fo 3D/4D in gyne
- congenital uterine anomalies - IUD location - endo lesions - origin of adnexal masses - sonohysterography - infertility evaluation
37
what will a bicornuate uterus look like on 3D
- two separate uterine cornea on a coronal imaging plane | - external fundal indentation >1cm needed for diagnosis
38
what is the purpose of a sonohysterogram
- volume of uterus obtained | - 3D reconstruction improves visualization of polyps, fibroids, adhesions
39
what is the best view to asses IUD location.
- coronal view in 3D
40
what thickness of endo is hard reconstruct
- <5mm
41
what is the Z technique
- obtain 3d volume of uterus in sag plane - in A plane place reference dot in centre of endo - using Z ration known to align endo so parallel to horizontal plane - in B plane place reference dot in centre of endo - using Z rotation known to straighten the trans image so end parallel to horizontal plane - C plane should now display a coronal image of endo - use z to rotate image so it is in normal plane
42
what can be assessed with 3D/4D in OB
- facial anomalies - nasal bone - CNS anomalies - cranial sutures - spine - extremities - fetal heart - chromosomal anormalities - fetal movement and behaviour
43
what 5 things can we look for with the fetal face using 3D
- cleft lip - cleft palate - forehead - nasal bone - mandible
44
what do we look for with ears with 3D
- morphology - location - orientation
45
what doe we look for with cranial bones using 3D
- sutures - fontanels - bones - workman bones - skeletal dysplasia
46
what can we determine in regards to the spine with 3D
- spina bifida (level of defect) | - hemivertibrae
47
how does 3D help with nuchal translucency scan
- measurement performed in less time
48
what anomalies can we look for with 3D
- club feet - hands - rocker bottom feet - overlapping fingers - polydactyly
49
what is spatio-temporal imaging correlation STIC
- motion gated scanning method | - demonstrates functional and anatomical information from one full cardiac cycle
50
what view is needed to perform STIC
- 4 chamber
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