when is medication used?
in the prevention, diagnosis, relief, treatment, or cure of health alterations
what is the nurse responsible for with medications?
- for evaluating the effects of the medications
- teaching patients about their medications and possible adverse drug events
- promoting adherence
- and evaluating the patient’s technique for medication delivery
define drug
any chemical that can affect living processes
define pharmacology
the study of drugs and their interactions with living system
define clinical pharmacology
the study of drugs in humans
define Therapeutics or pharmacothera-peutics
the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy
list the properties of an ideal drug
effectiveness: An effective drug is one that elicits the responses for which it is given
safety: A safe drug is defined as one that cannot produce harmful effects- even if administered in very high doses and for a very long time
selectivity: A selective drug is defined as one that elicits only the response for which it is given
what are additional properties of an ideal drug?
- reversible action: important that effects can be reversible (general anesthetics would be useless if patients never woke up- or opposite, don’t want antibiotics to be reversible)
- predictability: helpful to know how each patient will respond
- ease of administration
- freedom from drug
interactions: when a patient is taking two or more drugs, those drugs can interact - low cost
- chemical stability: some drugs lose effectiveness during storage
- possession of a simple generic name
whats the objective of drug therapy?
to provide maximum benefit with minimal harm
how could we achieve the objective of drug therapy?
if drugs were ideal
list factors that determine the intensity of drug responses
dosage, route, and timing are important determinants of drug responses
what does pharmacokinetic processes determine?
how much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action
what are the four major pharmacokinetic processes?
- drug absorption
- drug distribution
- drug metabolism
- drug excretion
* how much of the drug gets to its site of action is based on the top 4*
what determines the nature and intensity of a response once a drug has reached its sites of action?
pharmacodynamic processes
what are some factors that affect how well someone will respond to a drug?
- drug interactions
- physiologic variables (age, weight, gender)
- pathologic variables
- individuals differ from one another and therefore no two patients will response identically to the same drug
what are the 10 rights?
- right drug
- right patient
- right dose
- right route
- right time
- right assessment
- right documentation
- right evaluation
- right to education
- right to refusal
what are the 7 aspects of drug therapy?
- Preadministration assessment
- Dosage and administration
- Evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects
- Minimizing adverse effects
- Minimizing adverse interactions
- Making “as needed” (PRN) decisions
- Managing toxicity
what are the 3 basic goals when assessing a patient for drug therapy?
- collecting baseline data
- Identifying high-risk patients
- Assessing the patients capacity for self-care
why do you need to collect baseline data?
- needed to evaluate both therapeutic and adverse drug responses
- without this data, we would have no way of determining the effectiveness of our drug
why is it important to identify high-risk patients
- multiple factors can predispose an individual to adverse reactions from specific drugs
- when planning drug therapy, we must identify patients who are at high risk of reacting adversely
how do we identify those high risk patients? what are the 3 parts?
we use three principal tools: the patient history, physical examination, and lab data
what is pharmacokinetics?
the study of how mediations:
- enter the body
- are absorbed and distributed into the cells, tissues, and organs
- altar physiological functions
- exit the body
define pharmocodynamics
impact of the drug on body
-Binding of the drug to its receptor
•Patient’s functional state
•Placebo effects
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Module 1- PPE17
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Module 2- Personal Hygiene and Comfort26
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Module 3- Abdominal Assessment51
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Module 4- Genitourinary Assessment30
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Module 5 Mental Health48
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Module 6- Neurological Assessment45
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Module 7- Integration9
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Module 8- Newborn Assessment41
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Module 9 Medication Part A23
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Module 9- Medication Part B/C/D16
