What is one of the primary causes of mortality associated with childbearing?
POSTPARTAL/POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGES
A major threat during pregnancy and continuing into postpartum bleeding.
Blood loss of 500 ml or more following a vaginal birth is classified as what?
POSTPARTAL/POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGES
For caesarean section, blood loss is classified as 1000 ml.
If the woman’s uterus does not remain contracted, what should be done?
Call the physician
Administer Pitocin (Oxytocin) intravenously as ordered.
What medication should be given if Oxytocin is not effective at maintaining uterine tone?
Methylergonovine (Methergine)
This is a second possibility for treatment.
What should be elevated to improve circulation to essential organs during postpartum care?
Woman’s lower extremities
This is important for improving blood flow.
What is the recommended oxygen administration rate for a woman experiencing respiratory distress?
10 to 12 L/min
Administering oxygen by facemask is crucial in this situation.
What is a potential surgical intervention for a woman experiencing extreme bleeding?
Hysterectomy or Suturing
This may be necessary to address severe complications.
What are the four main reasons of hemorrhage?
- Uterine atony
- Tissue trauma
- Clotting issues
- Lacerations
These factors contribute to postpartum hemorrhage.
What is uterine atony?
Relaxation of the uterus
Predisposing factors include multiple gestation and a large baby.
What are cervical lacerations usually found near?
Branches of the uterine artery
If torn, blood loss may be significant, leading to arterial bleeding.
What type of lacerations are easier to locate and assess than cervical lacerations?
Vaginal lacerations
These are typically more straightforward to identify.
What is a perineal hematoma?
Collection of blood in the subcutaneous layer of tissue of the perineum
This condition can occur postpartum.
What is endometritis?
Infection of the endometrium
This is the lining of the uterus and can lead to serious complications.
What does thrombophlebitis involve?
Inflammation of veins
It can involve ovarian, uterine, or hypogastric veins.
What are the classifications of perineal tears?
- First degree tear
- Second degree tear
- Third degree tear
These classifications indicate the severity of the injury.
What is subinvolution?
Incomplete return of the uterus to its prepregnant size and shape
This condition can lead to complications postpartum.
