mono: striate cortex

Question 1

The striate cortex has how many layers?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

Where does the first stage of cortical processing begin?

Answer 2

striate cortex

Question 3

What is the primary target for projections from the lateral geniculate nucleus?

Answer 3

Striate cortex

Question 4

_____________ aspects of visual analysis occur in the striate cortex

Answer 4

Fundamental

Question 5

Visual information is disseminated widely throughout the cortex along two major processing streams. What are they?

Answer 5

Ventral and Dorsal stream

Question 6

Striate cortex is AKA ???

Answer 6

v1, primary visual cortex, Broadmann area 17

Question 7

Where is the striate cortex located?

Answer 7

occipital lobe

Question 8

The striate cortex is comprised of how many layers?

Answer 8

Six layers

Question 9

Which layer of the striate cortex is most superficial?

Answer 9

Layer 1

Question 10

Which layer of the striate cortex is the deepest?

Answer 10

Layer 6

Question 11

Visual information from the magno layers projects to layer _______

Answer 11

4Ca

Question 12

Visual information from the Parvo layers projects to layer ________

Answer 12

4CB

Question 13

Although the striate cortex contains a representation of the entire visual field, it is dominated by the ___________

Answer 13

Fovea

Question 14

The fovea is only __________ of the retinal area yet is represented in at least _________ % of the striate cortex

Answer 14

0.01%

8%

Question 15

Where does the striate cortex project to?

Answer 15

Extrastriate cortex

Question 16

What are two main cortical processing streams?

Answer 16

Dorsal processing stream

Ventral processing stream

Question 17

Dorsal processing stream is the _________ pathway and the _________ system

Answer 17

Parietal

Where

Question 18

Dorsal processing stream receives predominant input from the ____________ retinogeniculate pathway

Answer 18

Magno

Question 19

Ventral processing stream is the __________ pathway and the __________ system

Answer 19

Temporal

What

Question 20

Ventral processing stream receives predominant input from the ___________ retinogeniculate pathway

Answer 20

Parvo

Question 21

Projections to lower visual centers like the LGN and Pulvinar originate from the ________ layers of the striate cortex

Answer 21

Deeper (5 and 6)

Question 22

Projections to higher visual areas like the extrastriate cortex originate from the ___________ layers

Answer 22

More superficial (layers 2 and 3)

Question 23

Does information from the extrastriate cortex flow backward? If so, where to?

Answer 23

Yes, to striate cortex

Question 24

There are also reciprocal connections from the striate cortex to the ________

Answer 24

LGN

Question 25

Huber and Wiesel accidentally discovered that neurons in the visual cortex were sensitive to ____________ stimuli, such as ________ and ________

Answer 25

Elongated ## Footnote Bars and edges

Question 26

Simple cells are most sensitive to an _________ or _________ of a specific orientation

Answer 26

Edge or bar

Question 27

If the stimulus for simple cells is a bar, it must be a ___________ width

Answer 27

Certain

Question 28

For simple cells, The bar or edge must also be properly ______________ within the cell's receptive field

Answer 28

Positioned

Question 29

Simple cell receptive fields may be a result from input of what?

Answer 29

LGN neurons whose receptive fields lie along a straight line

Question 30

The formation of increasingly complicated receptive field (simple cells) arrangements from less complicated arrangements (center-surround LGN cells) is referred to as _____________ processing

Answer 30

Serial or hierarchical

Question 31

Complex cells respond best to an ____________ stimulus of a certain orientation

Answer 31

Elongated

Question 32

Stimulus position in the receptive field is critical for simple cells, but for complex cells, where must the stimulus be positioned?

Answer 32

Anywhere in the receptive field

Question 33

Many complex cells have _________ selectivity, which means what?

Answer 33

Direction ## Footnote For the cell to be stimulated, the stimulus must move in a certain specific direction

Question 34

For complex cells, a stimulus moving in the opposite direction, even if of the proper orientation does what?

Answer 34

Does NOT elicit a response

Question 35

Huber and Wiesel found certain cortical neurons that are sensitive to the stimulus __________. What were they called?

Answer 35

Length ## Footnote Hypercomplex cells

Question 36

Are Hypercomplex cells considered to be separate category of cortical neurons?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Are simple cells sensitive to stimulus orientation?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

Are Complex cells sensitive to stimulus orientation?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Are simple cells sensitive to location in the receptive field?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Are Complex cells sensitive to location in the receptive field?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

Are simple cells sensitive to direction?

Answer 41

Some

Question 42

Are Complex cells sensitive to direction?

Answer 42

Most

Question 43

Receptive fields of higher neurons are constructed from those of preceding neurons. What does this explain?

Answer 43

Why stimulus parameters required to activate neurons become more specific at progressively higher levels of the visual system

Question 44

The higher up in the visual system, the more ____________ are the requirements to drive a visual neuron.

Answer 44

Stringent

Question 45

Cortical neurons respond __________ to sine-wave gratings and are selective for a _____________________

Answer 45

Well, Particular spatial frequency

Question 46

Information from the two eyes is first combined in the ________ __________

Answer 46

Striate cortex

Question 47

Most cortical neurons are ______________, meaning they receive input from _________ eye(s)

Answer 47

Binocular ## Footnote Both

Question 48

Because the inputs from the two eyes are summed, a stimulus located at this critical distance _____________ activates the cortical neuron.

Answer 48

Maximally

Question 49

In children with strabismic or anisometropic ambylopia, there is potential for what to occur?

Answer 49

One of their eyes to be suppressed

Question 50

For striate cortex to develop a normal complement of binocular cells, it is necessary for what to happen?

Answer 50

both eyes to provide input during development.

Question 51

Although the majority of striate cortical neurons are binocular, most are __________________

Answer 51

Dominated by one eye

Question 52

Ocular dominance is laid out in a pattern of alternating ?????

Answer 52

Right and left ocular dominance bands

Question 53

An electrode that penetrates the cortex perpendicular to its surface tends to encounter neurons dominated by the _____________ and tuned to the same _________

Answer 53

Same eye ## Footnote Orientation

Question 54

When a penetration is made parallel to the cortical surface, what happens to orientation sensitivity?

Answer 54

It may change from one neuron to the next

Question 55

Complete set of ocular dominance columns and orientation columns forms a ___________

Answer 55

Hypercolumn

Question 56

Each hypercolumn has dimensions of _______ x _______

Answer 56

1mm x 1mm

Question 57

What are blobs?

Answer 57

Areas rich with concentrically organized double color-opponent neurons that results from Parvo input

Question 58

Blobs are cells that are optimally responsive to stimuli that manifest ___________ ___________

Answer 58

Color contrast

Question 59

Where are interblobs located?

Answer 59

Superficial region of striate cortex between blobs

Question 60

Interblobs appears to receive substantial __________ input

Answer 60

Parvo

Question 61

The __________ pathway apparently bypasses both the _________ and ____________ regions

Answer 61

Magno, Blobs and interblobs

Question 62

In blindsight patients, lesions have destroyed all of the ___________

Answer 62

Striate cortex

Question 63

Does a patient with blindsight have conscious vision?

Answer 63

No

Question 64

Why can Blindsight patients locate a stimulus at above chance even with the entire striate cortex destroyed?

Answer 64

Because visual information is processed along pathways that bypass striate cortex but may activate extra-striate cortex

Question 65

Visual information projected through the ____________ and __________ may activate extrastriate cortex

Answer 65

Superior colliculus and pulvinar

Question 66

Although stimulation of extra-striate cortex, in the absence of striate cortex may not be sufficient to result in conscious vision, it might facilitate ____________ vision - blindsight

Answer 66

Non-conscious vision