How did Brown & Astell (2012) define mood?
Affective states of mind that underlie our subjective mental life
Do mood and emotion overlap?
Yes
Outline Beedie, Terry & Lane’s (2005) conceptual separation
- 2 pronged approach
1) Folk psychology perspective - Asked 106 pps from a range of professions to distinguish emotion and mood
2) Comparison w academic literature - 65 published articles distinguishing mood and emotion
What were the findings of Beedie, Terry & Lane’s (2005) Conceptual separation
- Common distinctions made by academics and pps
- Clear conceptual distinction, but…
- Some criteria require testing
- Interactions between 2 make it harder to separate
- Not universally agreed
What do individual differences mean for mood?
- Some people are generally happier
- Reflect capacity and tendency to experience mood states
What did Watson & Tellegen (1985) find when reviewing factor analysis studies of mood adjective ratings?
There are 2 dimensions: Positive affect & Negative affect
What did Larsen et al (2001) find in terms of co-occurrence of positive and negative mood?
- Measured emotional state ratings before and after a tragic comedy film
- Evidence of co-activation after film
- Bittersweetness
How many songs that people listen to on repeat reflect bittersweet feelings?
16%
What did Matthew, Jones & Chamberlain (1990) find when factor analysing responses to 48 UMACL?
- 3D model of mood
- Pleasantness modestly associated with arousal scales
(Tense arousal: Anxious - calm) (Energetic arousal: active - sleepy) (Hedonic tone: Cheerful - Gloomy)
What can bias the assessment of mood?
- Current mood
- Most extreme mood during period covered
- Mood state at end of the period
- Beliefs and expectations about mood patterns
What did Areni & Burger (2008) find in their first study about the days of the week & culture
- Best moods on Fri evening & Sat morning
- Worst moods on Mon morning an evening
What was different about Areni & Burger’s (2008) 2nd study?
- Days 1-7 daily momentary mood assessments
- Day 8 mood stereotypes for the week + retrospective mood assessments
What were the findings of Areni & Burger’s (2008) 2nd study?
- Little evidence that mood stereotypes reflect real moods
- For Mondays, mood stereotypes were a better predictor of remembered mood than actual moods were
What did Schwartz & Clore (1983) find about effects on current mood?
- Called on sunny or rainy days, how happy they felt rn and as a whole
- Both answers for sunny days were around 7
- For rainy days were around 5
What is the Peak-end Theory?
- Patient’s retrospective ratings influenced by Peak and End experiences
- Lower correlations w duration of experiences
What did Chajut et al (2014) find for the peak-end theory?
- Used momentary pain reports every 20 mins until birth
- Retrospective pain ratings taken 2 days/months later
- Avg of peak and end pain ratings were stronger predictors of remembered pain ratings than actual avg levels of pain experiences
How are negative and positive affect influenced by experiences?
Peak experiences: influence negative affect
End experiences: influence positive affect
What are the pros of the contemporaneous mood assessment?
- Collected simultaneously w the experience
- Accurate snapshot of mood state
- Free of cognitive biases
- Temporal decision
