1
Q
Most common cardiac anomaly?
A
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2
Q
Most common type of ventricular preexcitation syndrome?
A
Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome
3
Q
Most common risk factor for atrial fibrillation?
A
Hypertension and coronary artery disease
4
Q
Most common location for traumatic aortic rupture?
A
Aortic isthmus
5
Q
Most common cardiomyopathy?
A
Dilated cardiomyopathy
6
Q
Most common mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A
Sarcomere protein mutations (e.g., myosin-binding protein C, β-myosin heavy chain)
7
Q
Most common symptom of bacterial endocarditis?
A
Fever
8
Q
Most common cause of acute pericarditis?
A
Idiopathic
9
Q
Most common heart tumor overall?
A
Metastasis
10
Q
Most common primary cardiac tumor?
A
Myxoma
11
Q
Most common cause of a second MI within a few months?
A
Medication non-compliance
12
Q
Most common cause of death after chest trauma?
A
Aortic dissection
13
Q
Most common cause of death overall (cardiac)?
A
Ventricular fibrillation
14
Q
Most common cause of an MI?
A
Uncontrolled hypertension
15
Q
Most common cause of growth, proliferation, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
A
Smoking
16
Q
Most common cause of a venous clot?
A
Stasis
17
Q
Most common cause of an arterial clot?
A
Endothelial damage
18
Q
Most common cause of a clot overall?
A
Stasis
19
Q
Most common cause of a female being rushed to the ER (cardiac)?
A
Pulmonary embolism
20
Q
Most common cause of a male being rushed to the ER (cardiac)?
A
Myocardial infarction (MI)
21
Q
Most common cause of atrial fibrillation in a middle-aged male?
A
Mitral stenosis
22
Q
Most common cause of atrial fibrillation in a young adult?
A
Hyperthyroidism
23
Q
Most common cause of aortic stenosis in an elderly patient?
A
Aging (degenerative calcification)
24
Q
Most common cause of aortic stenosis in a younger adult?
A
Bicuspid aortic valve
25
Most common cause of syncope and dizziness in the elderly?
Heart block
26
Most common cause of heart failure?
Obesity
27
Most common cause of syncope with collapse to the floor?
Cardiac arrhythmia
28
Most common cause of syncope + angina + dyspnea in an elderly male?
Aortic stenosis
29
Most common cause of syncope in an adult?
Vasovagal syncope
30
Most common cause of syncope after dehydration?
Orthostatic hypotension
31
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in a patient <35 years old?
Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries
32
Most common cause of a stroke?
Uncontrolled hypertension
33
Most common childhood systemic vasculitis?
Henoch–Schönlein purpura
34
Most common ectopic thyroid tissue site?
Tongue
35
Most common congenital adrenal enzyme deficiency?
21-α hydroxylase deficiency
36
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome?
Exogenous corticosteroids
37
Most common cause of chronic adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune (Western world) or infection (TB in developing world)
38
Most common tumor in the adrenal medulla in children?
Neuroblastoma
39
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults?
Pheochromocytoma
40
Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in the US?
Thyroid dysgenesis
41
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
42
Most common thyroid cancer?
Papillary carcinoma
43
Most common cause of death in acromegaly?
Heart failure
44
Most common cause of death in a diabetic patient?
Myocardial infarction
45
Most common malignancy in the small intestine?
Carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)
46
Most common cause of dwarfism in the US?
Achondroplasia
47
Most common cause of obesity?
Overeating
48
Most common cause of SIADH?
Stress
49
Most common cause of hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
50
Most common cause of type II diabetes?
Obesity
51
Most common tracheoesophageal anomaly?
Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula
52
Most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants?
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
53
Most common type of diaphragmatic hernia?
Sliding hernia
54
Most common hernia overall?
Inguinal hernia (femoral hernia most common in females)
55
Most common salivary tumor?
Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor)
56
Most common malignant salivary gland tumor?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
57
Most common cause of gastritis?
Helicobacter pylori
58
Most common complication of gastric ulcer?
Hemorrhage
59
Most common symptoms of Whipple disease in older men?
Diarrhea and steatorrhea
60
Most common cause of abdominal discomfort in a middle-aged woman?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
61
Most common volvulus in the elderly?
Sigmoid volvulus
62
Most common volvulus in an adult?
Cecal volvulus
63
Most common diverticulum in elderly men?
Zenker diverticulum
64
Most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract?
Meckel diverticulum
65
Most common pathologic lead point for intussusception?
Meckel diverticulum
66
Most common cause of small bowel obstruction?
Adhesions
67
Most common cause of portal hypertension in Western countries?
Cirrhosis
68
Most common primary malignant liver tumor in adults?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
69
Most common complication of gallstones (cholelithiasis)?
Cholecystitis
70
Most common cause of UTI + constipation in a growing child?
Excess milk consumption
71
Most common cause of sideroblastic anemia?
Alcohol
72
Most common enzymatic disorder of RBCs?
G6PD deficiency
73
Most common porphyria?
Porphyria cutanea tarda
74
Most common test used to follow patients on warfarin?
Prothrombin time (PT)
75
Most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Von Willebrand disease
76
Most common cause of inherited hypercoagulability in Caucasians?
Factor V Leiden
77
Most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in a child?
Nutritional deficiency (picky eaters)
78
Most common cause of B12 deficiency?
Pernicious anemia
79
Most common cause of petechiae and purpura in a child?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
80
Most common cause of ITP?
Idiopathic
81
Most common cause of DIC?
Endothelial damage
82
Most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in a middle-aged man or woman?
Colon cancer
83
Most common cause of lead poisoning in adults/elderly?
Making home-distilled whiskey
84
Most common cause of poisoning in a homeless man?
Ethylene glycol ingestion
85
Most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma?
Nodular sclerosis
86
Most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
87
Most common primary tumor arising in the bone marrow in people >40–50 years old?
Multiple myeloma
88
Most common adult leukemia?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) / Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
89
Most common cancer overall?
Skin cancer (Basal > Squamous >> Melanoma)
90
Most common site of metastasis after regional lymph nodes?
Liver and lungs
91
Most common leukemia in a child?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
92
Most common cause of skin cancer?
Sunlight (UV exposure)
93
Most common lymph node involved in cancer?
Cervical lymph node
94
Most common cause of clots in a male?
Underlying adenocarcinoma (malignancy-associated hypercoagulability)
95
Most common cause of osteoporosis?
Age and race
96
Most common cause of gout?
Idiopathic
97
Most common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Hypothyroidism and diabetes
98
Most common rotator cuff muscle to be injured?
Supraspinatus
99
Most common site of avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)?
Femoral head
100
Most common benign bone tumor?
Osteochondroma
101
Most common malignant bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
102
Most common and severe type of SLE?
Diffuse proliferative (Class IV lupus nephritis)
103
Most common neuromuscular junction disorder?
Myasthenia gravis
104
Most common cause of death in scleroderma patients?
Pulmonary fibrosis (lung sclerosis)
105
Most common skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma (2nd: squamous cell carcinoma)
106
Most common neural tube defect?
Spina bifida occulta
107
Most common site for syringomyelia?
C8–T1 level
108
Most common cause of osteomyelitis overall?
Staphylococcus aureus
109
Most common type of collagen?
Type I collagen
110
Most common form of osteogenesis imperfecta inheritance?
Autosomal dominant
111
Most common type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
Hypermobile type (joint instability)
112
Most common cause of cataracts?
Sunlight
113
Most common cause of deep skin wrinkles?
Sunlight
114
Most common site of saccular (berry) aneurysm?
Junction of the anterior communicating artery (ACOM) and ACA
115
Most common complication of aneurysm?
Rupture
116
Most common cause of dementia in the elderly?
Alzheimer disease (2nd: vascular dementia)
117
Most common clinical course of multiple sclerosis?
Relapsing-remitting
118
Most common subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (AIDP)
119
Most common malignant brain tumor (childhood)?
Medulloblastoma
120
Most common childhood supratentorial tumor?
Craniopharyngioma
121
Most common cause of lower motor neuron facial lesion?
Idiopathic Bell palsy
122
Most common cause of conjunctivitis?
Viral
123
Most common cause of a first-time seizure in a young adult?
Drug abuse
124
Most common cause of seizure in a child?
Infection
125
Most common cause of seizure in a middle-aged adult?
Brain tumor
126
Most common cause of seizures overall?
High CO₂ levels in the brain
127
Most common cause of social withdrawal in the elderly?
Presbycusis (hearing loss)
128
Most common cause of seizure in a child under 6 months?
Meningitis
129
Most common cause of uveitis?
Underlying autoimmune disease
130
Most common hydrocephalus in a child?
Obstructive hydrocephalus
131
Most common cause of falls in the elderly?
Parkinson disease
132
Most common brain herniation after trauma?
Uncal herniation
133
Most common form of child maltreatment?
Child neglect
134
Most common presentation of altered mental status in an inpatient?
Delirium
135
Most common subtype of depression?
Depression with atypical features
136
Most common method of suicide in the US?
Firearms
137
Most common disorder in young females?
Eating disorder
138
Most common disorder in children?
Sleep terror disorder
139
Most common cause of drug overdose death?
Opioids
140
Most common complication of PCP use?
Trauma
141
Most common adverse effect of SNRIs?
Increased blood pressure
142
Most common cause of urinary retention and constipation in the elderly?
Medications
143
Most common cause of complications during treatment?
Drug–drug interactions
144
Most common cause of administering the wrong medication?
Pharmacist error
145
Most common cause of sudden behavioral change in a young adult?
Drug abuse
146
Most common cause of sudden behavioral change in a child?
Domestic abuse
147
Most common cause of medication noncompliance?
Lack of visible symptoms
148
Most common cause of Stevens–Johnson syndrome?
Sulfur-containing drugs
149
Most common site of obstruction (urinary)?
Ureteropelvic junction
150
Most common cause of bladder obstruction in male infants?
Posterior urethral valves
151
Most common cause of death in Potter syndrome?
Respiratory failure
152
Most common cause of kidney stones?
Dehydration
153
Most common genetic cause of renal cell cancer?
VHL gene mutation
154
Most common cause of nephritic syndrome in a child?
IgA nephropathy
155
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in a child?
Minimal change disease
156
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African Americans and Hispanics?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
157
Most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults?
Membranous nephropathy
158
Most common cause of end-stage renal disease in the US?
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
159
Most involved organ in systemic amyloidosis?
Kidneys
160
Most common kidney stone presentation?
Calcium oxalate stone in patients with hypercalciuria and normal serum calcium
161
Most common primary renal malignancy?
Renal cell carcinoma (most common in men age 50–70)
162
Most common renal malignancy of early childhood?
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
163
Most common tumor of the urinary tract?
Transitional cell carcinoma
164
Most common cause of acute bacterial cystitis?
E. coli
165
Most common cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients?
Acute tubular necrosis
166
Most common cause of urogenital problems in a male infant?
Posterior urethral valves
167
Most common area of cervical cancer?
Transformation zone of the cervix
168
Most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
Turner syndrome
169
Most common 46 XY disorder of sex development?
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization)
170
Most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
Uterine atony
171
Most common cause of anovulation?
Pregnancy
172
Most common ovarian mass in a young female?
Follicular cysts
173
Most common adnexal mass in women >55 years?
Ovarian neoplasms
174
Most common cause of recurrent pregnancy loss?
Coagulopathy, fibroids, or anatomic uterine abnormality
175
Most common ovarian tumor in females age 10–30?
Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
176
Most common stromal ovarian tumor?
Granulosa cell tumor
177
Most common ovarian tumor in adolescents?
Dysgerminoma
178
Most common tumor in male infants?
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
179
Most common endometrial tumor in females?
Fibroid (leiomyoma)
180
Most common gynecologic malignancy?
Endometrial carcinoma
181
Most common site for endometriosis?
Ovaries
182
Most common breast changes in premenopausal women >35?
Fibrocystic changes
183
Most common pathogen causing lactational mastitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
184
Most common benign breast tumor in women <35?
Fibroadenoma
185
Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge?
Intraductal papilloma
186
Most common breast tumor in the 5th decade of life?
Phyllodes tumor
187
Most common breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
188
Most common cause of scrotal enlargement in adult males?
Varicocele
189
Most common testicular cancer?
Seminoma
190
Most common testicular tumor in boys <3 years?
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
191
Most common testicular cancer in older men?
Testicular lymphoma
192
Most common cause of prostatitis in older men?
E. coli
193
Most common cause of erectile dysfunction?
Psychological causes
194
Most common cause of abrupt stoppage of periods?
Pregnancy
195
Most common cause of endometrial cancer?
Obesity
196
Highest incidence of fibroids occurs in?
African Americans
197
Most common cause of size/date discrepancy in pregnancy?
Dating error
198
Most common cause of abruptio placenta?
Motor vehicle accident (trauma)
199
Most common acute cause of rhinosinusitis?
Viral infection
200
Most common lung cancer in non-smokers and overall?
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
201
Most common cause of pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
202
Most common reason a COPD patient presents to the ER?
COPD exacerbation and spontaneous pneumothorax
203
Most common trigger for asthma and allergies?
House dust
204
Most common cause of choking in a child?
Grapes and carrots
205
Most common complication 2–5 days after surgery?
Atelectasis
206
Most common poisoning after burns?
Carbon monoxide and cyanide
207
Most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians?
Cystic fibrosis (misfolded protein mutation)
208
Most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism?
Fragile X syndrome
209
Most common viable chromosomal disorder and most common genetic cause of intellectual disability?
Down syndrome
210
Second most common trisomy resulting in live births?
Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
211
Most common type of translocation?
Robertsonian translocation
212
Most common vitamin deficiency in the US?
Folate deficiency
213
Most common human enzyme deficiency?
G6PD deficiency
214
Most common cause of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency?
Infection
215
Most common urea cycle disorder?
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
216
Most common lysosomal storage disorder?
Gaucher disease
217
Most common primary immunodeficiency?
Selective IgA deficiency
218
Most common X-linked immunodeficiency disorder?
Chronic granulomatous disease
219
Most common cause of meningitis, otitis media (children), bacterial pneumonia, and sinusitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
220
Most common initial treatment for H. pylori?
Triple therapy
221
Most commonly transmitted cyst in meat?
Toxoplasma gondii
222
Most commonly transmitted via skin-to-skin contact?
Scabies
223
Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis?
HSV-1
224
Most common complication of shingles?
Postherpetic neuralgia
225
Most common cause of osteomyelitis in drug users?
Staphylococcus aureus
226
Most common bacterial STI in the US?
Chlamydia trachomatis
227
Most common cause of nosocomial infections?
E. coli
228
Most common cause of pneumonia in a child with cystic fibrosis?
Staphylococcus aureus (Pseudomonas in adults)
229
Most common cause of an abscess?
Staphylococcus aureus
230
Most common cause of cellulitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
231
Most common risk factor for Candida infection?
HIV infection
232
Most common cause of prosthetic device infection after 3 months?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
233
Most associated with duodenal atresia?
Down syndrome
234
Most associated with jejunal and ileal atresia?
Cocaine use in mother
235
Most common cause of polyhydramnios?
Idiopathic (2nd: gestational diabetes; also tracheoesophageal fistula)
236
Most common cause of GERD?
Obesity
237
Most common cause of secretory diarrhea?
Vibrio cholerae, E. coli, VIPoma
238
Most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea?
Entamoeba histolytica
239
Most common cause of bacterial overgrowth?
Chronic constipation
240
Most common inflammatory bowel disease?
Crohn disease
241
Most common cause of appendicitis in adults?
Fecalith (in children: lymphoid hyperplasia)
242
Most common ectopic mucosa in Meckel diverticulum?
Ectopic gastric mucosa
243
Most common cause of intussusception in the elderly?
Cancer
244
Most common trigger of intussusception in a child?
Rotavirus infection
245
Most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in a middle-aged adult?
Colon cancer
246
Most common abdominal pain presentations?
Pancreatitis, AAA rupture, gallstones, appendicitis
247
Most common causes of ARDS?
Pancreatitis, sepsis, drowning
248
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis in a child?
Cystic fibrosis
249
Most common cause of biliary pancreatitis?
Alcoholism
250
Most common cause of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
Smoking (2nd: chronic pancreatitis)
251
Most common site of pancreatic cancer?
Head of the pancreas
252
Most common cause of cancer?
Radiation exposure
253
Most common cause of very high liver enzymes (hundreds–thousands)?
Ischemic hepatitis or poisoning
254
Most common cause of cirrhosis in the US?
Alcoholism
255
Most common liver cancer overall?
Metastasis
256
Most common viral hepatitis that leads to liver cancer?
Hepatitis B virus
257
Most common cause of jaundice in African Americans?
G6PD deficiency
258
Most common cause of jaundice in adults?
Gilbert syndrome
259
Most common cause of constipation overall?
Hypokalemia
260
Most common cause of constipation in children?
Functional constipation
SURVIVORS COURSE
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Decks in class (3)
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