Motor learning

Question 1

Characteristics that impact learning a motor skill

Answer 1

• Person
• Task
• Environment

Question 2

explicit- declarative knowledge

Answer 2

• what to do

- can verbally describe the task

Question 3

implicit- procedural knowledge

Answer 3

• how to do it

- physically perform the task

Question 4

what are the stages of learning?

Answer 4

1 initial

2. later stages

Question 5

Initial stage of learning

Answer 5

• seeking to be successful in attaining a performance goal of the skill. - success is inconsistent from trial to trial
• movement characteristics tomatch regulatory conditions
• basic coordination patterns

Question 6

Later stages of learning

Answer 6

• adapt movement patterns learned in intial stage to meet situational demands
• consistence of performance
• efficiency

Question 7

Demonstration instruction

Answer 7

• effective when the motor task has many components that must be coordinated or sequenced in a way that is novel to the child.
• observer will commonly follow with a reasonable approximation of skill (mirror neurons”
• novice learners may benefit from observing other novice learners as well

Question 8

verbal instructions

Answer 8

• limited to an amount the child can remember
• internal vs. external focus
• • learning is typically better with external
• viausal metaphoric image

Question 9

What is the purpose of providing feedback

Answer 9

• facilitate achievement of performance goal. Allows learner to determine what they are doing well and what must be modified
• motivation. encouraging child to cont working toward performance goal

Question 10

Focusing on mistakes vs focusing on correct performance

Answer 10

• both are valuable
• Providing input on errors during early stages is more effective in facilitating skill learning.
• focusing on correct components motivates the child

Question 11

Massed and distributed Practice

Answer 11

• Massed has longer active practice with shorter rest periods compared to distributed
• • length and distribution of practice sessions. shorter and more practice sessions typically preferred
• -length of rest interval between trials. massed better for discrtete skills: reaching, grasping, positioning (ROM). distributed better for continuous skills: locomotion, cycling, swimming. may result in fatigue with massed

Question 12

whole and Part practice

Answer 12

• depends on complexity and organization of skill
• -complexity- number of parts and an amt of attention demanded–
• -With high complexity and organization the skills should be practiced in parts before being practiced as a whole

Question 13

Mental Practice

Answer 13

• cognitive or mental rehearsal of skill to be performed
• visual or kinesthetic imagery
• most effective as preparation just before physical practice of skill/activity

-studies show it may reduce nedd for physical practice by 25-50%

Question 14

to be most efficient, the training must:

Answer 14

• be challenging
• Progressively increase behavioral demands
• involve active participation
• be meaningful to the child