Motor Learning Chapter 5

Question 1

the Components of open loop control are:

Answer 1

• executive

- effector no comparator or use of feedback

Question 2

What are some of the characteristics of open loop control?

Answer 2

• advanced instructions= movement pre-planned
• Advanced sequencing = arranged at the CNS
• Not direct conscious control
• can not be modified once motor program is sent

Question 3

what is a disadvantage of open loop control?

Answer 3

it’s not as accurate

Question 4

What is an advantage of open loop control

Answer 4

one can act more quickly

Question 5

what term can be used instead of “muscle memory?’

Answer 5

Motor Program

Question 6

____ is a set of motor commands that are pre-structured at executive level, that defines the essential details of a skilled action

Answer 6

motor program

Question 7

with practice, motor programs are capable of:

Answer 7

controlling longer sequences of actions and more elaborate movements

Question 8

What specifications does the MP process need?

Answer 8

• Particular muscles used to produce the action
• order in which these muscle would be activated
• relative forces of the various muscle contractions
• relative time. sequencing of contractions
• duration of respective contractions

Question 9

What are the major roles of motor programming

Answer 9

•Define and issue commands to the muscles needed to produce the goal movement
• Coordinate the many degrees of freedom needed
to produce an effective and efficient action.
-specify and initiate any
preliminary adjustments to support upcoming action.

Question 10

According to reaction time and movement complexity: adding additional elements to the movement increases ______

Answer 10

reaction time

Question 11

According to reaction time and movement complexity: more limbs added to the elements increases ______

Answer 11

reaction time

Question 12

According to reaction time and movement complexity: When we have an increase in movement duration; it also increases reaction time

Answer 12

reaction time

Question 13

Demonstrates that _______ information from the moving limb is not essential for movement production

Answer 13

proprioceptive

Question 14

deafferentation studies prove:

Answer 14

(we can act without stimulus)

Question 15

evidence for motor programs include

Answer 15

• reaction time and movement complexity
• deafferentation studies
• Inhibiting actions
• EMG electromyography studies

Question 16

inhibiting actions

Answer 16

once a motor program is initiated it carries out the entire action unless a second stop-signal program is initiated in time to stop it’s completion

Question 17

EMG electromyography studies

Answer 17

suggests agonist and antagonist EMG activities are pre-planned

Question 18

what are some issues with motor programming?

Answer 18

• Storage
• new tasks
• flexible movements

Question 19

Generalized motor programs

Answer 19

• movement patterns rather than specific movements

- movements can be modified when executed

Question 20

List the The variable of movements GMPs can modify

Answer 20

• time
• amplitude
• direction
• limb and muscles produce action
• forced used

Question 21

GMP preserve

Answer 21

Fundamental timing and structure and spatial patterning

Question 22

Invariant features of GMP

-

Answer 22

There are components of movements that do not changes -the surface features of the movements change

Question 23

Classes of movement:

Answer 23

motor programs are thought to be generalized to account for a class of actions