mounting

Question 1

✓ after staining, the section is mounted under a coverslip using a suitable
medium

Answer 1

mounting

Question 2

✓ uses a syrupy fluid referred to as a mountant or mounting medium

Answer 2

mounting

Question 3

purposes of mounting

Answer 3

• protects the specimen from physical injury
• protects the section from bleaching or deterioration due to oxidation
• preserves slides for permanent keeping
• facilitates easy handling and storage

Question 4

sealing margins of the coverslip

Answer 4

ringing

Question 5

uses Kronig cement

Answer 5

ringing

Question 6

composition of Kronig cement

Answer 6

2 parts paraffin + 4-9 parts powdered colophonium resin

Question 7

Characteristics of a Good Mounting Medium

Answer 7

1. to avoid distortion of the image, the refractive index of the mountant should be as
   near as possible to that of the glass which is 1.518.
2. it should not dry quickly.
3. It should not dissolve out or fade tissue sections
4. It should not cause shrinkage and distortion of tissues.
5. It should set hard, thereby producing permanent mounting of sections.

Question 8

types of mounting media

Answer 8

1. Aqueous media
2. Resinous media

Question 9

types of aqueous media

Answer 9

• H2O
• glycerin
• glycerin jelly
• farrant’s medium
• Apathy’s medium
• Brun’s fluid

Question 10

Has a low refractive index (1.33), moderately transparent and
evaporates easily

Answer 10

water

Question 11

✓ Good for temporary mounting only
✓ Tissue slide cannot be examined under OIO

Answer 11

water

Question 12

Has a high RI (1.46) and lasts for a few minutes

Answer 12

glycerin

Question 13

Provides greater visibility when mixed with water

Answer 13

glycerin

Question 14

composition of glycerin jelly

Answer 14

gelatin + glycerol + dist. Water + phenol crystals

Question 15

Glycerin Jelly is Also known as _____ with a refractive index of 1.47

Answer 15

Kaiser’s 1880

Question 16

Also known as Kaiser’s 1880 with a refractive index of 1.47

Answer 16

Glycerin Jelly

Question 17

Standard mounting medium when dehydration and clearing using
xylene are not performed

Answer 17

glycerin jelly

Question 18

disadvantages of glycerin jelly

Answer 18

X stain tend to fade
X does not set in the desired degree of hardness
X solidifies on storage

Question 19

composition of farrant’s medium

Answer 19

(gum Arabic + dist. Water + glycerol + sodium merthiolate)

Question 20

✓ Has a refractive index of 1.43
✓ Does not solidify on storage

Answer 20

farrant’s medium

Question 21

disadvantage of farrant’s medium

Answer 21

takes a longer time to harden

Question 22

composition of apathy’s medium

Answer 22

gum Arabic + cane sugar/sucrose + dist. H2O, thymol)

Question 23

Has a higher refractive index of 1.52

Answer 23

apathy’s medium

Question 24

✓ Used as a general purpose aqueous mountant and for methylene
blue-stained nerve preparations
✓ Sets quite hard

Answer 24

apathy’s medium

Question 25

Recommended for mounting frozen sections from water

Answer 25

Brun's fluid

Question 26

Canada balsam si from a Natural resin extracted from the _____

Answer 26

Canadian tree

Question 27

Has a refractive index of 1.524

Answer 27

canada balsam

Question 28

✓ Recommended for whole mounts and thick sections ✓ Sets hard without granulation

Answer 28

canada balsam

Question 29

disadvantage of canada balsam

Answer 29

X acidifies and darkens with age and upon exposure to sunlight X stains are not usually preserved

Question 30

decipher the word DPX

Answer 30

dibutyl phthalate polystyrene xylene

Question 31

neutral colorless solution that dries rapidly

Answer 31

DPX

Question 32

Has a refractive index of 1.532

Answer 32

DPX

Question 33

Recommended for small tissue sections

Answer 33

DPX

Question 34

Synthetic resin mixture in xylene with a refractive index of 1.52

Answer 34

XAM

Question 35

✓ Available in pale, yellow or colorless solutions ✓ Dries quickly without retraction and preserves stains well

Answer 35

XAM

Question 36

Has a refractive index of 1.544

Answer 36

Clarite

Question 37

Usually diluted to 60% with xylene

Answer 37

Clarite

Question 38

➢ Unique identification numbers or codes, patient name or other accessioning information should be etched or written on each slide.

Answer 38

labeling

Question 39

➢ Automated instruments that imprint the patient’s information on the glass slide are readily available ➢ Chemical resistant pens and pencils are routinely used to label the slide

Answer 39

labeling

Question 40

makes use of an automatic tissue processing machine that fixes, dehydrates, clears and infiltrates tissue

Answer 40

automated tissue processing

Question 41

decreases time (approximately 16 hours) and labor needed during tissue processing → more rapid diagnosis with less technicality

Answer 41

automated tissue procecssing

Question 42

T/F: In general, when there are 3 to 4 beakers containing the same solution, only the last requires a fresh change. Remove the first beaker and discard the solution. Move the others up in place, decanting the reagent from one to the other beaker to replace evaporated liquids and make the last change a fresh one.

Answer 42

T

Question 43

tissues are placed inside a retort chamber

Answer 43

Vacuum tissue processor

Question 44

reagents and melted paraffin are moved sequentially into and out of the retort chamber using vacuum and pressure

Answer 44

vacuum tissue processor

Question 45

▪ each step is customized by adding time, temperature and/or vacuum/pressure ▪ employ alarm systems and diagnostic programs for trouble-shooting instrumentation malfunction

Answer 45

vacuum tissue processor

Question 46

▪ Shortens processing time (hours → minutes) ▪ Diffusion of the solutions into the tissue is stimulated by increasing the specimen’s internal heat

Answer 46

Microwave Ovens

Question 47

reagents of microwave oven

Answer 47

ethanol, isopropanol or proprietary alcohol mixtures, and paraffin

Question 48

Enclosed processor that uses microwave technology, vacuum infiltration and “molecular-friendly” proprietary reagents

Answer 48

Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor

Question 49

in Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor, Tissue cassettes are moved through stations with the following reagents:

Answer 49

1. Acetone 2. Isopropanol 3. Polyethylene glycol 4. Mineral oil 5. Paraffin

Question 50

Microwaves and agitation accelerate the diffusion of solvents in the tissue

Answer 50

Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor

Question 51

advantage of preparing frozen sections

Answer 51

▪ Rapid production of sections for intraoperative diagnosis ▪ Diagnostic and research enzyme and non-enzyme histochemistry ▪ Immunofluorescent and Immunohistochemistry methods ▪ Specialized silver stains in neuropathology

Question 52

disadvantage of preparing tissue sections

Answer 52

X no serial sections X structural details tend to be distorted during cutting and handling X staining is rarely as satisfactory X freezing artifact may be produced by inappropriate technique

Question 53

✓ Required thickness of the tissue: 3 to 5 mm ✓ Freezing agent used: CO2

Answer 53

cold knife procedure

Question 54

temp of knife in cold knife procedure

Answer 54

-40 to -60 oC

Question 55

temp of tissue in cold knife procedure

Answer 55

-5 to -10 oC

Question 56

temp of environment in cold knife procedure

Answer 56

0 to -10 oC

Question 57

Thickness of sections produced: in cold knife procedure

Answer 57

10u (dew line)

Question 58

cryostat procedure components

Answer 58

▪ An anti-fogging air-circulating system ▪ A drain for defrosting and sterilizing ▪ A shelf-metal block carriers ▪ Rotary microtome mounted at a 45 o angle ▪ Knife, mostly 120 mm wedge knife equipped with antiroll devices