Movement

Question 1

Define feed-forward mechanisms in regard to movement.

Answer 1

Muscle actions needed for a movement are planned in advance of the action. Fast and depend on prior experience.

Question 2

Define feed-back mechanisms in regard to movement.

Answer 2

Actual movement is compared to the intended movement and changes are made if necessary

Question 3

Define phase lag.

Answer 3

Delay between input and output

Question 4

Know three characteristics of feed-forward

Answer 4

1. Rapid action
2. Depends on prediction or experience
3. Modifies the feed-back mechanism

Question 5

Know the three rules of voluntary movement.

Answer 5

1. First brain “sees” outcome or the goal of movement but not the means to that end
2. Response time depends on the amount of information that must be processed
3. Trade-off between speed and accuracy

Question 6

Know how an increase in the number of choices or bits of information processed affects the response time.

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Know the definition of parallel processing and how it affects the speed of processing

Answer 7

Development of multiple groups of neurons or pathways to convey similar info

Question 8

Know the relationship between speed and accuracy.

Answer 8

Increase in speed can lead to decrease in accuracy until feed-forward trained…

Question 9

Know the definition of reciprocal inhibition.

Answer 9

Contraction of extensors inhibits contraction of flexors and vise versa allowing for smooth movement

Question 10

Know the four effects of Ia fiber stimulation.

Answer 10

1. Stimulate the same muscle
2. Stimulate synergistic muscles
3. Inhibit antagonistic muscle
4. Stimulate gamma motor neurons