Movement in Development

Question 1

Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 1

Person - Cognitive
Musculoskeletal
Neurological
Sensory
Perceptual
Social-emotional

Environment -
Contexts
Physical
Social
Cultural
Virtual

TASK
Nature
Goals
Rules
Object properties
Type
Size
Shape
Texture

Question 2

What are the structures

Answer 2

bones, muscles, joints and neural mechanisms. These are all present at birth. changes with maturation.

Question 3

Function

Answer 3

structures determine what functions are possible.

Question 4

Limitations in muscle function are based on

Answer 4

biomechanics of the joint; some muscles are stabilizers, others are mobilizers

Question 5

Neuromuscular-skeletal functions are determined both by

Answer 5

genetic potential and environment

Question 6

Development of certain functions can promote change in

Answer 6

structure

Question 7

What impact might the environment have on function?

Answer 7

access, experience, modeling

Question 8

Purpose

Answer 8

volition -an intentional action toward an outcome

Question 9

Where does volition come in to play with coloring.

Answer 9

They have to want to do it.

Question 10

the structure of the hand, bones, intrinsic/extrinsic muscles allow for the function of a tripod grasp on a utensil…
-This allows for the

Answer 10

purpose of drawing or writing.

Question 11

This relationship between function and purpose of movement is influenced by a child’s

Answer 11

motivation to move and adapt movement

Question 12

BOTH intrinsic and extrinsic motivation influence

Answer 12

movement

Question 13

Environmental
Impact on Movement

Answer 13

The setting, including people and self
Everything with which the individual acts
Two dimensional- SPACE and TIME

Question 14

Four Functions:

Answer 14

1) Holding function
2) Facilitation function
3) Challenge function
4) Interactive function

Question 15

2. Facilitating Function-

Answer 15

antigravity movement- the desire to move away from the static surface

Question 15

1. Holding Function-

Answer 15

holding position in space

Question 16

What is antigravity mobement

Answer 16

moving against gravity.

Question 17

3. Challenge function-

Answer 17

Move against gravity, increase level of difficulty to progress in function

Question 18

4. Interactive function-

Answer 18

using environmental factors to further progress, master and advance…

Question 19

Adaptation

Answer 19

A dynamic process that expands the child’s repertoire of both movements and activities
Allows complex movements to evolve

Question 20

What are the 3 properties of adaptation:

Answer 20

1. Sensorimotor-Sensory Process
2. Developmental Nature of
   Adaptation
3. Purposeful Nature of Adaptation

Question 21

Sensorimotor- Sensory Process of Adaptation

Answer 21

• Assimilation- gathering information
• Accommodation- take and make motor responses
• Association- linking and comparing to prior events
• Differentiation- taking parts of motor actions and putting back together to create new motor goals

Question 22

Assimilation-

Answer 22

gathering information

Question 23

Accommodation-

Answer 23

take and make motor responses

Question 24

Association-

Answer 24

linking and comparing to prior events

Question 25

Differentiation-

Answer 25

taking parts of motor actions and putting back together to create new motor goals

Question 26

2. Developmental Nature of Adaptation

Answer 26

Sequential maturation of CNS characterized by predictable patterns (cephalo-caudal, proximal-distal)

Question 27

cephalo-caudal development

Answer 27

babys start head first then lower extremity

Question 28

proximal stability before distal mobility

Question 29

3. Purposeful Nature of Adaptation

Answer 29

Humans seek and interact with environmental events

Question 30

Adaptation of new experiences is dependent upon

Answer 30

past acquired behaviors

Question 31

Integration of past with new causes past behaviors to modify, resulting in

Answer 31

higher-level behavior

Question 32

Development

Answer 32

The learning and integration of higher-level behaviors further influences lower-level behaviors Lower-level functions MAY emerge when the system is stressed or distressed…

Question 33

Movement components

Answer 33

- Flexion - Extension - Lateral Flexion - activation of flexion and extension on same plane - Rotation - activation of flexion on one side and extension on the other

Question 34

Mobility-

Answer 34

Characterized by quick initiation, wide range of motion and fast speed

Question 35

First to develop Activation in undifferentiated way; generally through complete range Associated with phasic reflexes and righting reactions (i.e. rooting, sucking, grasping)

Question 36

Stability-

Answer 36

Movements that maintain the position of the body against gravity and keep the range of movement in check so posture can be held Develops after mobility

Question 37

1. Muscle Functions

Question 38

Primitive Reflexes: proprioceptive stimuli and produce an observable movement Can serve survival or protective functions (activation in full ranges) Or be posture assumed in response to head or trunk position (cessation of movement or fixation)

Question 39

reflexes

Answer 39

involuntary movement. I have no volitional control over it. They are protective

Question 40

primitive reflexes

Question 41

vertical righting

Answer 41

activate musclee grups (labrynthine, optical) that move midline of body into alignment with the center of gravity

Question 42

when does vertical righting happen

Answer 42

not at birth, develops with CNS maturation and environment contact.

Question 43

rotational righting

Answer 43

Response in relation to movement of the head or segment of the body Activate muscles to move body segments around central axis of body so segments align

Question 44

supportive reactions

Answer 44

elicited when support parts of the body come in contact with the supporting surface

Question 45

protective reactions

Answer 45

allow us to return bavk to base of support (FOOSH)

Question 46

Equilibrium reactions

Answer 46

volitional and compesatory movement use to regain midline stablity when alignment of midline with gravity is signiticantly disturbed.

Question 47

What are the compesnatory movements associated with equilbrium reactions

Answer 47

Movement away from and return to COG Rotation of head and upper trunk back toward center Extremities on one side extend/abduct Opposite extremities may extend and abduct

Question 48

Whats the difference between reflex and reaction

Answer 48

Reflex is involuntary reaction is a choice responses have variablity in movement. reflexes have one arc.

Question 49

Phases of development - primitive

Answer 49

Conception to several months after birth.

Question 50

phases of development transitional

Answer 50

lots of practice, a lot of variety of movements

Question 51

Phases of control -mature

Question 52

Movement/Muscle functions: primitive

Answer 52

Change position of body segments, but NOT body in space Generally movement of neck or limbs rather than body as a whole Undifferentiated patterns of movement or holding postures at rest

Question 53

Primitive Postural support:

Answer 53

Within the boundaries of environment Limited weight bearing function

Question 54

physiological flexion

Question 55

Movement/Muscle functions:

Answer 55

Move within the position Move around the environment in a desired position. Internal control and has an infinite variety of unique patterns.

Question 56

General Milestones BIRTH TO 1 MONTH Physiological Flexion: needs external quieting Unsettled Wide variation in behavioral states; appears disorganized but is actually very purposeful. Responds to tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular input.

Answer 56

Physiological Flexion: needs external quieting Unsettled Wide variation in behavioral states; appears disorganized but is actually very purposeful. Responds to tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular input.

Question 57

General Milestones 2 MONTHS

Answer 57

Less physiological flexion – appears floppy, secondary to lack of movement control. Emerging Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reaction (ATNR): Focal length approximately 10; beginning visual regard for hand.

Question 58

General Milestones 3 MONTHS

Answer 58

Moving toward symmetry – midline orientation emerging. Increased tactile awareness of body via exploration – tactile and visual; i.e., hand-to-mouth.

Question 59

General Milestones 4 MONTHS

Answer 59

Midline Orientation Increased interaction with environment

Question 60

General Milestone 5 MONTHS

Answer 60

Rolling supine/prone Extremely active – seek sensory input from body and environment

Question 61

Developmental Sequence: 1. Prone/Creeping Progression

Answer 61

Means of locomotion before movement in upright Development of neck and trunk against gravity Provides for an extremity-supported posture

Question 62

Developmental Sequence: 1. Prone/Creeping Progression PRIMITIVE

Answer 62

slight head lift. Protective head turning Keeps airways clear