Movements

Question 1

what is the normal ROM and instruction for flexion of the cervical spine?

Answer 1

• normal ROM: 0-80deg

- “touch your chin to your chest”

Question 2

what is the normal ROM and instruction for extension of the cervical spine?

Answer 2

• normal ROM: 0-50deg

- “look up at the ceiling”

Question 3

what is the normal ROM and instruction for lateral flexion of the cervical spine?

Answer 3

• normal ROM: 0-45deg

- “touch your ear to your shoulder on each side”

Question 4

what is the normal ROM and instruction for rotation of the cervical spine?

Answer 4

• normal ROM: 0-80deg

- “turn your head to the left and the right”

Question 5

what are the instructions for flexion of the lumbar spine?

Answer 5

“touch your toes while keeping your legs straight”

Question 6

what is the normal ROM and instruction for extension of the lumbar spine?

Answer 6

• normal ROM: 10-20deg

- “lean back as far as you can; I will be here it catch you if needed”

Question 7

what are the instructions for lateral flexion of the lumbar spine?

Answer 7

“slide your left hand down the outer aspect of your left leg as far as possible, while keeping your legs straight. repeat this with your right side”

Question 8

what is the normal ROM and instruction for rotation of the thoracic spine?

Answer 8

• normal ROM: 10-20deg

- “sit on the side of the couch and cross your arms across your chest. turn to the left and the right as far as you can”

Question 9

what is the normal ROM and instruction for foot plantarflexion?

Answer 9

• normal ROM: 0-50deg

- “push your feet downwards, like you’re pressing a car pedal”

Question 10

what is the normal ROM and instruction for foot dorsiflexion?

Answer 10

• normal ROM: 0-20deg

- “extend your feet backwards, like you’re trying to point them up towards your head”

Question 11

what are the instructions for toe flexion?

Answer 11

“curl up your toes as tight as you can”

Question 12

what are the instructions for toe extension?

Answer 12

“extend your toes backwards, like you’re trying to point them towards your head”

Question 13

what is the normal ROM and instruction for ankle/foot inversion?

Answer 13

• normal ROM: 0-35deg

- “try to touch the soles of your feet together”

Question 14

what is the normal ROM and instruction for ankle/foot eversion?

Answer 14

• normal ROM: 0-15deg

- “try to angle the soles of your feet outwards as far as you can”

Question 15

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active elbow flexion?

Answer 15

• normal ROM: 0-145deg

- “bend your elbows”

Question 16

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active elbow extension?

Answer 16

• normal ROM: 0deg

- “straighten out your arms as far as you can”

Question 17

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active pronation?

Answer 17

• normal ROM: 0-85deg

- “turn your forearm so that your palm is facing the ground”

Question 18

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active supination?

Answer 18

• normal ROM: 0-90deg

- “turn you forearm so that your palm is facing the ceiling”

Question 19

what are the instructions for finger extension?

Answer 19

“open your fist and splay your fingers”

Question 20

what are the instructions for finger flexion?

Answer 20

“make a fist”

Question 21

what is the normal ROM and instruction for wrist extension?

Answer 21

• normal ROM: 90deg

- “put the palms of your hands together and extend your wrists fully”

Question 22

what is the normal ROM and instruction for wrist flexion?

Answer 22

• normal ROM: 90deg

- “put the backs of your hands together and flex your wrists fully”

Question 23

what are the instructions for thumb abduction?

Answer 23

“point your thumbs to the ceiling”

Question 24

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active knee flexion?

Answer 24

• normal ROM: 0-140deg

- “move your heel as close to your bottom as you can manage”

Question 25

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active knee extension?

Answer 25

- normal ROM: 180deg | - "straighten your led out so that it's flat on the bed"

Question 26

what is the normal ROM and instruction for passive knee flexion?

Answer 26

- normal ROM: 0-140deg | - whilst supporting the patient's leg, flex the knee as far as you can, observing for signs of discomfort

Question 27

what are the instructions for external rotation and abduction of the shoulder joint?

Answer 27

ask the patient to put their hands behind their head and point their elbows out to the side

Question 28

what are the instructions for internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder joint?

Answer 28

ask the patient to place each hand behind their back and reach as far up their spine as they can

Question 29

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active shoulder flexion?

Answer 29

- normal ROM: 150-180deg | - "raise your arms forwards until they're pointing up towards the ceiling"

Question 30

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active shoulder extension?

Answer 30

- normal ROM: 40deg | - "stretch out your arms behind you"

Question 31

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active shoulder abduction?

Answer 31

- normal ROM: 180deg | - "raise your arms out to the sides in an arc-like motion until your hands touch above your head"

Question 32

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active shoulder adduction?

Answer 32

- normal ROM: 30-40deg | - "keep your arms straight and move them across your body to the opposite side"

Question 33

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active external rotation?

Answer 33

- normal ROM: 80-90deg | - "keep your elbows by your sides flexed at 90deg and move your forearms outwards in an arc-like motion"

Question 34

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active internal rotation?

Answer 34

- normal ROM: 70-90deg | - "keep your elbows to your sides and move your forearms towards your body, inwards"

Question 35

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active hip flexion?

Answer 35

- normal ROM: 120deg | - "bring your knee as close to your chest as you can"

Question 36

what is the normal ROM and instruction for active hip extension?

Answer 36

- normal ROM: 180deg | - "straighten your leg out so it's flat on the bed"

Question 37

what is the normal ROM and instruction for passive hip internal rotation?

Answer 37

- normal ROM: 40deg | - flex the patient's hip and knee joint to 90deg and then rotate their foot laterally

Question 38

what is the normal ROM and instruction for passive hip external rotation?

Answer 38

- normal ROM: 45deg | - flex the patient's hip and knee joint to 90deg and then rotate their foot medially

Question 39

what is the normal ROM and instruction for passive hip abduction?

Answer 39

- normal ROM: 45deg - with patient's legs straight and flat on the bed, use one of your hands to hold the ankle of the hip being assessed and place your other hand over the contralateral iliac crest to stabilise the pelvis - move the patient's ankle laterally to abduct the hip until the pelvis begins to tilt

Question 40

what is the normal ROM and instruction for passive hip adduction?

Answer 40

- normal ROM: 30deg - with patient's legs straight and flat on the bed, use one of your hands to hold the ankle of the hip being assessed and place your other hand over the contralateral iliac crest to stabilise the pelvis - move the patient's ankle medially to adduct the hip until the pelvis begins to tilt

Question 41

what is the normal ROM and instruction for passive hip extension?

Answer 41

- normal ROM: 10-20deg - ask patient to lie in prone position - use one hand to hold the ankle of the leg being assessed and place the other hand on the ipsilateral pelvis - lift the leg to extend the hip joint and assess the range of hip joint extension