What is the magic angle effect?
If the structure is 50 degrees oriented to the planar film it will appear bright on T1. If the tendon is still bright on T2 it Is likely that there is pathology present, if it is black there is no pathology present.
Which structures will always appear black on both T1 and T2?
Tendon, ligament, cortical bone, calcifications, flowing blood, and hemosiderin
What stuctures are found under the fourth metatarsal and lateral ½ of the third met
Interossei
Everything under the second metatarsal head will be…?
Oblique head of the adductor halluces
Any small well circumscribed structure under the calcaneus that is most proximal in a sagitall view is …
always abductor digiti minimi
When you see FDB and its proximal to the TMTJ it will never bee seen without the structure that lies atop of it =
QP
QP is carried with FDB when proximal to the TMTJ line.
At the TMTJ joint line QP ends and the … begins.
oblique head of the adductor haluccis
• There are three ligaments in the foot that are notoriously striated (circled under second met). They are,,,
short plantar, posterior talofibular, and the posterior tibial talar ligaments.
this is because these three ligaments strangely have a high content of fat. (Ligaments normally dark, but will see them striated in T1 due to high concentration of fat).
• If you divide the calcaneus in half everything laterally underneath it is the
abductor digiti minimi.
What you will find under the medial ½ of the calcaneus is … sitting atop … which sits atop…
- QP (lots of fat)
- FDB
- plantarfascia.
• You will not see … until you no longer can see calcaneus, might see the sustentaculum tali.
abductor halluces
Regardless of the section, the structure that sits the closest to the FHL tendon will always be the….
tibial nerve, or it is a division between the medial and lateral plantar nerves.
• On the lateral wall of the calcaneus, PB will always be …PL or more medial than PL depending on how lateral you are on the calcaneal wall.
Above or more medial to PL
Which side of the peroneus brevis muscle does the tendon come off of when looking AP?
Lateral side
Odds are if you are looking at a muscle behind the tibia it is likely…
FHL
Which muscle is always found medially at the level of the ankle in an AP view?
The QP.
Which extensor tendon is always seen from the lateral skin of the fifth to the bisection of the second met?
EDL
Which extensor tendon can be observed from the medial aspect of the bisection of the second to the first metatarsal?
EHL
When will you begin to see the anterior tibial tendon?
From the bisection of the first metatarsal to the medial skin.
What is the only muscle on the lateral side of the fifth met plantarly/
Abductor digiti minimi
When looking at the fifth met, which muscle is most medially under the met?
Flexor digiti minimi
Which metatarsal is chosen as the forefoot divider and why?
What muscle is found laterally to the division?
What about from the bisection to the second met?
The third met because of the natural subcutaneous fat separation under the third metatarsal.
Lateral to this division is all the interossei.
From the bisection of the third met to the secon met it is all th oblique head of the adductor hallucis.
What muscles are found under the first metatarsal in a coronal section?
This will be FHB riding over the top of FHL.
The short flexors will always be… to the long flexors.
Inferior and lateral!
