What are some general characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus.
- Normal microbiota of skin and nose of healthy people
- 20-30% of population colonized in nose
What are some minor and serious staph infections symptoms?
- Sometimes causes skin infections- skin barrier is broken or invaded by medical procedure
- Serious infections- surgical wound infection, bloodstream infections. Pneumonia, UTI
% of folks with S. aureus? % of folks with MRSA?
2% colonized with MRSA
20-30% with S. aureus
What is MRSA and when did it show up? What is VISA? What is VRSA?
Methicillin- in 1959 was the first semisynthetic penicillin designed against penicillinases
- S. aureus developed resistance- the first problem in UK in 1961
- Outbreak in US in late 1960s
- So prevalent that methicillin use is discontinued in US
- Resistance to other antibiotics- oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins
- New strains of MRSA showing resistance
- Vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA)
- Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
What is HA-MRSA and where does it frequently occur (what are some characteristics of it)?
- Healthcare-associated MRSA
- Main reservoirs are infected or colonized patients
- Personnel can be reservoirs but are mostly links for transmission between patients
- Main mode of transmission- hands by staff
o Weakened immune systems
o Have wounds and open sores
o Lots of exposure to antibiotics
What is CA-MRSA and some characteristics of it?
- Community-associated MRSA
- People who have not been recently hospitalized or had a medical procedure
- Young and healthy
- Prisoners, athletes, school/daycare children, military recruits
- Usually, this MRSA is susceptible to more types of antibiotics
List some treatment regimens for MRSA.
- Drain boil/abscess-by healthcare provider
- Vancomycin or teicoplanin
o Now strains of MRSA showing resistance
o New antibiotics
§ Linezolid (Zyvox)
§ Daptomycin (cubicin)
- Prevention in healthcare:
o Wash hands constantly
o Glove use and proper use
o Masks when needed
o Gowns when needed
o Appropriate device handling
o Correct handling of laundry
- Prevention in community
o Wash hands
o Keeps cuts/scrapes covered/clean
o Avoid contact with other people’s wounds or bandages
o Avoid sharing personal items such as towels or razors
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Diseases 518
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Module 1825
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Module 1918
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Module 2010
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MRSA9
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Module 1422
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Antibiotics broken down info26
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Module 1528
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Module 16/1727
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Chapter 1021
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Module 11 + 1212
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Module 1318
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Disease 322
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Exam 185
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Practical #214
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Taxonomy23
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History15
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Disease Topics18
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Exam 255
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2 Disease Topics31
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Lab Practical #11
