physical diagnosis > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What connects muscle to bone?

A

tendon

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2
Q

What connects bone to bone.

A

ligament (ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils)

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3
Q

What is a bursa?

A

pouches of synovial fluid

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4
Q

What is articular structures?

A

anything within the joint (joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid

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5
Q

What is extra-articular structures?

A

surrounding the joints, tendons, bursae, muscle, bone, nerve

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6
Q

What is synovial joint?

A

any joint that has synovial fluid, allowing bones to freely move (shoulder, knee)

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7
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A
  • spheroidal joint (ball and socket) shoulder and hip
  • hinge joint (flat planar) interphalangeal joints, foot and elbow, one plane movement
  • condylar joint (convex or concave, planar) knee, TMJ
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8
Q

What is cartilaginous joint?

A
  • slightly movable joint between discs of spine
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9
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

-joints without movement (sutures of skull)

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10
Q

What are the features of MSK exam?

A
  • inspection
  • palpatation
  • ROM
  • strength
  • neurovascular testing
  • special tests
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11
Q

What are the gradings of strength?

A

5- normal: complete with full resistance
4- good: complete ROM with some resistance
3- Fair: comple ROM against gravity but not with resistance
2- poor: complete ROM without gravity
1- trace: no joint motion but evidence of muscle contraction
0- zero: no evidence of muscle contractility

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12
Q

What is neurovascular testing for?

A
  • sensation

- reflexes

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13
Q

What is the strongest muscle in the body?

A
  • masseter
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14
Q

What are the muscles of mastication (TMJ)?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • external/internal pterygoid
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15
Q

What are the joints of shoulder?

A
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • glenohumeral joint
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16
Q

What is in the subacromial space?

A
  • supraspinatus muscles/tendons

- subacromial bursa

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17
Q

What are the muscles of rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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18
Q

What are shoulder special tests?

A

Neer impingement
hawkins
empty can
drop arm

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19
Q

What is neer impingement test and what it test for?

A
  • stabilize pt’s back, raise arm

- positive = subacromial impingment / rotator cuff tear

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20
Q

What is Hawkins’ test what it test for?

A
  • chicken wing test

- positive = subacromial impingement / rotator cuff tear

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21
Q

What is empty can test and what is test for?

A
  • empty the can and put downward pressure resistance

- RTC tear (loss of abduction control)

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22
Q

what makes up the elbow?

A

distal humerus
ulna
radius
olecranon bursa

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23
Q

what are muscles of the elbow?

A 
biceps
brachioradialis
brachialis
pronator teres
supinator
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24
Q

What to palpate in the elbow?

A

medial/lateral epicondyle
olecranon process
ulnar nerve

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25
What if there is pain anatomical snuff box?
scaphoid injury
26
What bones account for wrist?
distal radius distal ulna 8 carpals
27
What is knuckle joint?
metacarpal phalangeal joint
28
What are the wrist special tests?
tinel sign | phalen's sign
29
What is tinel sign?
- tap over the median nerve | - positive for tingling = median nerve compression / carpal tunnel syndrome
30
What is phalen's sign?
- clubbing for wrists | - positive for pain/tingling = median nerve issue
31
What are the muscles of the spine?
- sternocleidomastoid - trapezius - latissimus dorsi - splenius
32
Where would u inspect on the spine?
C7 (spinous process) T7-8 L4 (iliac crest)
33
Where would u palpate on the spine?
- spinous process of each vertebrae - lower lumbar step offs(misalignment) - paravertebral muscles - sacroiliac joint (dimple on back) - sciatic nerve
34
What are the special lumber spine testing?
- Straight leg raise: pt supine, passively flex leg and ask if any pain -positive for pain in leg= disc issue pain remain in lower back = negative test
35
Where is the most common place for hip fracture?
- between the head and greater trochanter of the femur
36
What muscle flexes hip?
iliopsoas
37
What muscles extends your hip?
hamstring | gluteus maximus
38
What are the two phases of gait while inspecting hip?
- swing: foot moves forward (40%) | - Stance: foot on ground (60%)
39
Where would do a lumbar puncture?
L4 above iliac crest
40
Where to palpate for hip exam?
- iliac crest - iliac tubercle - ASIS - pubic symphysis
41
What makes up the knee?
``` condylar/hinge joint articulation between femur and tibia -femur -tibia -patella ```
42
What are the muscles of knee?
quadriceps hamstrings gastrocnemius soleus
43
What consist of knee bursa?
``` suprapatellar prepatellar infrapatellar pes anserine (infected = vulgus deformity, associated from running semimembranosus ```
44
What does MCL check for?
- valgus force (knees together)
45
What does LCL check for?
- varus force (knees apart)
46
What does medial/lateral meniscus do?
- absorbs shock from axis loads, protects articular surfaces, stability
47
What do you palpate for knee exam?
``` medial epicondyle medial condyle medial joint line patella patellar tendon quadriceps tendon tibial tuberosity lateral epicondyle lateral condyle ```
48
What is knee flexion/extension angle?
- flexion: 135 or 140 degree | - extension: 0 degrees
49
What are the special knee tests?
``` ACL PCL valgus stress (MCL) Varus stress (LCL) McMurray - meniscus Ballottement test - effusion Bulge sign- effusion ```
50
What does mcmurray test for?
- meniscus injury
51
What is a ballottement test for?
checks for effusion/fluid on patella
52
What is bulge sign for?
checks for effusion/fluid on medial/lateral side
53
What are the landmarks on ankle?
lateral malleolus | medial malleolus
54
What is the most commonly fractured metatarsal?
- 5th metatarsal
55
What is the Bunion (hallux valgus)?
painful deformity of the big toe.
56
What is the difference between corn and callus?
corn: painful conical thickening callus: non painful thickining
57
What to palpate for in ankle and foot?
- anterior aspect of ankle joint - achillies tendon and heel - plantar fascia - Medial lateral malleolus - MTP, PIP, DIP joints - heads of metatarsals(compress between ur thumb and index finger) - look for tenderness
58
What does the anterior drawer test in ankle test for?
- pull foot towards you | - stability
59
What is the squeeze test?
- squeeze tibia and fibula together | - tests the integrity of syndesmosis (fibrous joint on ankle)
60
What is the thompson test?
- squeeze calf muscles (should cause contraction of the achillies tendon) - test Achilles tendon integrity
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