MSK - Hip Anatomy

Question 1

What are the three bones called that join together to form the pelvis?

Answer 1

Ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 2

What are the three main ligaments in the hip?

Answer 2

Ileofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament

Question 3

What are the primary hip flexors?

Answer 3

Psoas major and iliacus

Question 4

What is the main hip extensor?

Answer 4

Gluteus maximus

Question 5

What are the hip abductors?

Answer 5

Gluteus medius and minimus

Question 6

What are the hip adductors?

Answer 6

Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

Question 7

Which are the muscles that are primarily responsible for internal rotation of the hip?

Answer 7

Gluteus medius and minimus

Question 8

Why is there not a lot of muscular support for internal rotation of the hip?

Answer 8

It is not usually performed against resistance

Question 9

When a hip injury has occurred, should the stick be used on the same side of the body as the injury or the opposite side?

Answer 9

The opposite side

Question 10

Define osteoarthritis

Answer 10

Degenerative joint disease - a clinical syndrome of joint pain accompanied by functional limitation and reduced quality of life. Often affects hips, knees and small joints of hands

Question 11

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

Answer 11

Primary OA - etiology is unknown

Secondary OA - etiology is known

Question 12

Give some causes of secondary osteoarthritis

Answer 12

• trauma
• previous joint disorders
• developmental dysplasia of hip
• infection
• gout
• haemophilia

There are many more

Question 13

Give some risk factors for arthritis

Answer 13

• obesity
• past injury to a joint
• occupational factors
• genetics

Question 14

Give some signs and symptoms of arthritis

Answer 14

• joint pain
• crepitus
• joint deformity
• osteophytes present
• joint stiffness

Question 15

What are the four cardinal signs of arthritis on an X-ray?

Answer 15

• subchondrial sclerosis
• osteophytes
• narrowing of joint space
• subchondrial cysts

Question 16

What does osteoarthritis do to articular cartilage?

Answer 16

• increased tissue swelling
• change in colour
• cartilage fibrillation
• cartilage erosion down to subchondral bone

Question 17

What are the indications for surgical intervention in osteoarthritis?

Answer 17

• severe joint pain
• failure of conservative treatment methods
• limitation of daily living activities
• deformity, angular deviations, instability

Question 18

What is a labrum?

Answer 18

The outer thickening of the cartilage of the socket that cushions the soft cartilage of the surface of the socket

Question 19

Give some risks of hip replacement

Answer 19

• dislocation
• leg length discrepancy
• infection
• blood clots
• fracture
• loosening of components
• future surgery to revise components