Why blue sclera in osteogenesis imperfecta ? what vein is associated with it?
choroidal veins
- cornea = choroidal
kinda soudns simillar
Why hearing loss happens in osteogenesis imperfecta?
ossicles (ear bone) is also composed of type 1 collagen
How to treat osteopetrosis? why?
bone marrow transplant
osteoclast is derived from monocyte, bone marrow transplant will replenish it
- this makes sense: osteoclast is destructor, so does other monocytes derivatives (macrophages)
Location of osetomyelitis within bone: kid vs. adult?
- kid: metaphysis
- adult: epiphysis
- kid: bone is still growing, metaphysis (growing plate) is exposed to bacteremia
osteoma
- location?
- associated with what GI disease?
- facial bones
- Garnder syndrome (FAP +osteoma)
osteoid osteoma vs. osteoblastoma: key two differences?
- osteoid osteoma responds well to aspirin, while osteoblastoma is not
- osteoblastoma is larger in size
Describe growth pattern of osteochondroma. What part of bone is it originated from?
lateral projection in metaphysis
Which part of bone is osteosarcoma originated from?
metaphysis
OA vs. RA: name what structure is formed within synovial space in each case
- OA: osteophyte
- RA: pannus
What is rheumatoid factor?
IgM antibody against Fc portion of IgG
Why RA is associated with amlyoidosis? what type of amlyoid?
RA -> inflammatory -> SAA (acute phase reactant)
-> AA amyloid
What two diets can cause acute gout? Explain why for each
- alcohol: metabolites of alcohol competes excretion of uric acid
- meat: more DNA, more uric acid generation by purine degradation
Embryological origin of Ewing sarcoma?
neuroectoderm
- this is counter-intuitive as neuroectoderm is generally CNS derivatives.. but whatever
Rhabadomyosarcoma
- what is characteristic cell?
- what is marker?
- classic location in young girls?
- rhabadomyoblast
- desmin is marker
- vagina
What are two autoantibodies for Sjogren? They are targeting what protein?
SSA (Ro) and SSB (La)
BOTH are anti-ribonuceloprotein
Sjogren has increased risk for what cancer? how is it clinically presented?
MALToma (mucosal marginal zone lymphoma)
UNILATERAL enlargement of pterygland
Explain why dysphagia is seen in CREST syndrome
smooth muscle atrophy (lower 1/3 of esophagus)
-> loss of LES tone -> acid reflux -> sclerosis
Which vitamin can be given to treat acne? why?
vitamin A, which inhibits keratin synthesis
*Acne- vitaminA
Double As
What physical exam sign is specific to psoriasis? How is this sign correlated with histologic finding in psoriasis?
- Auspitz sign, bleeding after punch biopsy
- elongated dermal papillae (dermis houses blood vessels, there is no blood vessels in epidermis)
Lichen Planus
- What are four Ps?
- histologic finding?
- associated with what infection?
- pruitic, purple papules, planar, polygonal
- saw-tooth appearance (pathoma p. 202)
- chronic HepC (high yield)
oral mucosal involvement
: pemphigus vulgaris vs. bullous pemphigoid
pemphigus vulgaris involves oral mucosa, while bullous pemphigoid does not
Gross appearance of dermatitis herpiformis
grouped vesicles
- HERPIformis: looks like herpes, thus vesicles
What cancer is associated with acanthosis nigrans?
gastric carcinoma
Actinic keratosis is precursor for what skin cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
