1
Q
Organisms too small to be seen without a microscope
A
Microorganisms
2
Q
The complete collection of microorganisms living in and on the human body
A
Microbiome
3
Q
The study of microscopic organisms
A
Microbiology
4
Q
Nonliving infectious particles that require a host cell for replication
A
Viruses
5
Q
Proteinaceous infectious agents that cause spongiform encephalophies
A
Prions
6
Q
Survival structure produced by certain bacteria when nutrients are depleted
A
Endospore
7
Q
A network of fungal filaments
A
Mycelium
8
Q
Rod-shaped bacteria
A
Bacilli
9
Q
Spherical-shaped bacteria
A
Cocci
10
Q
Science of classifying organisms
A
Taxonomy
11
Q
A category used in classification
A
Taxon
12
Q
The study of evolutionary relationships
A
Phylogeny
13
Q
Father of taxonomy who introduced binomial nomenclature
A
Carolus Linnaeus
14
Q
The two-word naming system for organisms
A
Binomial nomenclature
15
Q
The first part of a scientific name
A
Genus
16
Q
The second part of a scientific name
A
Specific epithet
17
Q
Assuming organisms with similar characteristics are closely related
A
Natural classification
18
Q
A group of genetically related organisms that can interbreed
A
Species
19
Q
A population of bacterial cells with similar characteristics
A
Prokaryotic species
20
Q
Scientist who proposed the five-kingdom system
A
Robert Whittaker
21
Q
Kingdome originally containing all prokaryotes
A
Monera
22
Q
Known for proposing the three-domain system
A
Carl Woese
23
Q
Three-domain system is based mainly on differences in what molecule?
A
rRNA
24
Q
Domains that include prokaryotes
A
Bacteria and Archaea
25
Domain composed of organisms often living in extreme environments
Archaea
26
Domain whose organisms have membrane-bound nuclei
Eukarya
27
Theory stating eukaryotic organelles originated from engulfed bacteria
Endosymbiotic theory
28
Organelle believed to have evolved from aerobic bacteria
Mitochondrion
29
First amino acid in protein synthesis for bacteria
Formylmethionine
30
Cell type without a nucleus
Prokaryote
31
Cell type with 80S ribosomes
Eukaryote
32
Archaeal cell walls lack this compound
Peptidoglycan
33
Bacterial membrane lipids contain this type of linkage
Ester linkage
34
Archaeal membrane lipids contain this type of linkage
Ether linkage
35
Group of archaea that produce methane
Methanogens
36
Prokaryotes that thrive in high salt conditions
Extreme halophiles
37
Prokaryotes that thrive at very high temperatures
Hyperthermophiles
38
The broadest taxonomic category
Domain
39
Taxonomic group composed of multiple classes
Phylum
40
Taxonomic group composed of related genera
Family
41
A group of related species
Genus
42
Group of related orders
Class
43
Group of related families
Order
44
Group of related orders
Class
45
Group of related families
Order
46
Group containing multicellular autotrophs
Kingdom Plantae
47
Kingdom containing mushrooms and yeasts
Kingdom Fungi
48
Kingdom containing multicellular heterotrophs without cell walls
Kingdom Animalia
49
Unicelluar eukaryotes traditionally classified together
Protists
50
Reference manual used to classify bacteria based on rRNA
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
51
Manual used to identify bacteria in the laboratory
Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
52
A population of identical cells derived from one cell
Clone
53
A genetically different subgroup within a species
Strain
54
Term for all organisms grown in culture medium
Culture
55
Major classification rank that divides Bacteria into large groups
Phylum
56
Test separating bacteria based on cell wall composition
Gram stain
57
Test identifying bacteria with waxy cell walls
Acid-fast stain
58
Biochemical test detecting urease activity
Urease Test
59
Biochemical test detecting lactose fermentation
Lactose fermentation test
60
Technique that detects bacterial proteins by mass patterns
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
61
Noncellular infectious agent requiring a living host
Virus
62
Scientists responsible for global viral taxonomy
ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
63
Protein coat of a virus
Capsid
64
Protein subunits of a viral capsid
Capsomeres
65
Viruses that possess lipid membranes around their capsids
Enveloped viruses
66
Term for viruses without envelopes
Naked viruses
67
Viral genome composed only of protein and nucleic acid
Virion
68
Viral species defined as a population occupying a particular host
Viral species
69
Virus that infects bacteria
Bacteriophage
70
Virus classified by its specific host cell type
Viral host range
71
Viral genome integrated into host DNA in bacteriophages
Prophage
72
Viral genome integrated into eukaryotic host DNA
Provirus
73
Virus origin theory stating that evolved from cellular genetic elements
Escaped gene theory
74
Virus origin theory suggesting degeneration of free-living cells
Degenerative theory
75
Virus origin theory where viruses coevolved within cells
Coevolution theory
76
Technique grouping organisms based on shared derived characteristics
Cladistics
77
Bacterial group responsible for stromatolite formation
Cyanobacteria
77
Diagram showing evolutionary relationships
Cladogram
78
Earliest fossil evidence of life are these structures
Stromatolites
79
Highly conserved gene region often used for microbial taxonomy
16S rRNA gene
80
Term for conserved consequences passed down from ancestors
Conserved DNA
81
Tool used by health departments to track outbreaks via DNA
Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
82
Term for mutations accumulating at steady rates used to date divergence
Molecular clock
83
Laboratory medium that inhibits unwanted microbes
Selective medium
84
Medium that distinguishes bacteria based on colony color
Differential medium
85
Organisms that lack peptidoglycan and have unique cell walls
Archaea
86
Species of yeast used as a model organism in research
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
87
Gram-negative group known for photosynthetic ability
Cyanobacteria
88
Term for bacteria that can exist in multiple strains with antigenic variation
Serovars
89
Major phylum of gram-positive bacteria with low G + C content
Firmicutes
90
Field that studies how microorganisms interact with each other and their environment
Microbial ecology
91
Cellular structure that helps bacteria attach to surfaces
Fimbriae
92
Structure used by bacteria for motility
Flagellum
93
The region in prokaryotes where DNA is located
Nucleoid
94
Short, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria
Plasmids
95
Scientist who first observed microorganisms under a microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
96
Scientist who disproved spontaneous generation using swan-neck flasks
Louis Pasteur
97
Scientist who established the germ theory of disease
Robert Koch
98
Laboratory technique used to isolate pure bacterial cultures
Streak plate method
99
State where a microbe lives harmlessly in a host without causing a disease
Colonization
100
Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
Mutualism
101
Organisms that grow optimally in cold environments
Psychrophiles
102
Organisms that thrive in moderate temperatures
Mesophiles
103
Organisms that require oxygen to survive
Obligate aerobes
104
Organisms that killed by exposure to oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
105
Organisms that can grow with our without oxygen
Facultative anaerobes
106
Process by which microbes convert nitrogen gas to ammonia
Nitrogen fixation
107
Organisms that obtain energy from light
Phototrophs
108
Organisms that obtain carbon from CO2
Autotrophs
109
Organisms that obtain carbon from organic compounds
Heterotrophs
110
A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Commensalism
111
A group of microorganisms growing on a surface encased in polysaccharide material
Biofilm
112
Measure of how an organism obtains and uses energy
Nutritional classification
113
Method of sterilization that uses high-pressure steam
Autoclaving
114
Technique that uses heat to reduce microbial numbers without sterilizing
Pasteurization
115
Organisms that grow best at high salt concentrations
Halophiles
116
Organisms that require high pressure conditions
Barophiles
117
The stage in bacterial growth where cell death equals cell division
Stationary phase
118
Stage where bacteria undergo rapid exponential growth
Log phase
119
Major structural macromolecule in bacterial cell walls
Peptidoglycan
120
Arrangement of cocci in grape-like clusters
Staphylococci
121
Arrangement of cocci in chains
Streptococci
122
A technique that kills all forms of microbial life, including endospores
Sterilization
123
Chemical agents applied to living tissues to reduce infection risk
Antiseptics
124
Chemical agents used on nonliving surfaces to kill pathogens
Disinfectants
125
Chemicals produced naturally by microbes to inhibit others
Antibiotics
126
Study of fungi
Mycology
127
Study of parasites
Parasitology
128
Study of protozoa
Protozoology
129
Study of algae
Phycology
130
Form of genetic exchange in bacteria involving a virus
Transduction
131
Bacterial process involving uptake of free DNA
Transformation
132
Gene transfer involving direct cell-to-cell contact in bacteria
Conjugation
133
Viral structure containing both nucleic acid and capsid
Nucleocapsid
134
Long, tubular viruses possessing helical symmetry
Helical viruses
135
Polyhedral viruses with 20 triangular faces
Icosahedral viruses
136
Virus classification system based on nucleic acid type and replication strategy
Baltimore classification
137
Viruses that contain RNA that can be directly translated into proteins
Positive-sense RNA viruses
138
Virus requiring an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to replicate genome
Negative-sense RNA viruses
139
Enzyme used by retroviruses to convert RNA into DNA
Reverse Transcriptase
BSMT II - 2nd Semester
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