1
Q
Why do we study the history of nursing?
A
- Provides a sense of professional heritage and identity
- By understanding the past we can define the present and influence the future
- aids in development of effective health policy & patient care strategies
2
Q
Where was the first formal training of nurses?
A
Kaiserwerth Institute, Germany
3
Q
What famous nurse figure attended Kaiserwerth?
A
- Florence Nightengale
- Students learned apprenticeship of physicians
4
Q
Who founded the HSS?
A
- 1893-Present
- Lillian Ward & Lavina Dock
5
Q
Who are some of the leaders of nursing DURING the Civil War?
A
- Sisters of Charity
- Sisters of Mercy
- Clara Barton
- Dorothea L. Dix
- Harriet Tubman
- Pheobe Pember
6
Q
Who recommended that a formal training program should be established?
A
- 1869
- Dr. Samuel Gross
- Recommended to AMA and that all hospitals should have a training program taught by physicians
7
Q
When did the 1st training school get established?
A
- 1872
- New England Hospital, NY
- Linda Richards first grad
8
Q
What did Linda Richards do in 1878?
A
Opened up Florence Nightengale Nurse Training Program @ Boston College Hospital
9
Q
How many nursing schools were there in 1890?
A
432
10
Q
What two models of nursing schools were there?
A
- Florence Nightengale schools
- AMA Medical Model
11
Q
What is the Henry Street Settlement?
A
- 1st formalized public health nursing
- in response to poverty, over crowding, & disease bought on by influx of immigrants in NYC
12
Q
What is the NLN?
A
- National League for Nursing
- 1883 Chicago Worlds Fair
13
Q
What is the ANA?
A
- American Nurses Assoc.
- 1896 - Isabel Hampton Robb
14
Q
What is the ICN?
A
- International Council of Nurses
- 1899 - United org. of all nations
15
Q
What is the Natl. Assoc. of Colored Grad Nurses?
A
- 1908 - 1951 when ANA accepted AA
16
Q
Who are some founders/leaders of professional nursing org.?
A
- Isabell Hampton Robb
- Lavina Lloyd Dock
- Bedford Fenwick
17
Q
What did the NLN want to do in 1903?
A
Sought nursing licensure to protect public from incompetent nurses
18
Q
Whats the 1st state to have mandatory licensure?
A
NY
19
Q
Who was Isabel Hampton Robb?
A
- Director & founder of John Hopkins Nursing Program (1st diploma school)
- Wrote Nursing Standard Ethics
- Edu standards for nurses
- Founded ANA
20
Q
Who was Lavina Lloyd Dock?
A
- Taught at John Hopkins - assist. to Robb
- Wrote History of Nursing w/ Nutting
- Started public health and school nursing (Nurses settlement)
- Women’s rights and BC advocate
- Jailed 3x
- Grad from Bellevue Hosptial training school in NY 1886
- Visiting Nurse Service CT
- Joined HSS w/ Wald
21
Q
Who is Lillian Wald?
A
- Founder of HSS
- Founder of Public Health Nursing Org
- Wrote Standards for Public Health Nursing
22
Q
Who is Adelaide Nutting?
A
- Belived in University edu for nurses
- Founded nursing school at Columbia U (1907)
- Wrote Standards of Curriculum for Schools of Nursing
23
Q
Who is Jessie Sleet Scales?
A
- Worked w/ AA TB pts in NYC
- Brought community health to slums of NYC
- Est Stillman House brance of HSS serving colored
24
Q
What 2 org were produced after the Spanish American War?
A
- 1901 Army Nurse Corp
- 1908 Navy “
25
What orgs formed after WW1?
* Ntl committee on nursing
* army school of nursing
* american red cross
26
Cadet Nurse Corp was created when?
After WW2
27
Who formed the ARC?
* Clara Barton 1881
* modeled after Europe
* immediate emergency disaster-caused needs
* \>70,000 disasters a year presently
28
When did nurses begin doing procedures w/o Doctors?
Vietnam War
Nurses became directors of mobile hospitals in Jungle
29
Who founded Hospice?
1971 - Florence Wald
30
When was the first nursing masters program created?
1976
31
What major events occured in th 1970's?
* Cert. of NPs
* Adv in research leading to its own body of knowledge
* famous Kardex
32
What events occured in the 1980's?
* Team nsg
* AIDS
* /Cap & Cloth aprons
* Shortage
* Men
33
What events occured in the 1990's?
* Primary Nursing
* dissatisfaction, leave to community
* preventable disease increase mortalitly in US
34
What events occured in 2000+?
* Another shortage
* High pt acuity
* Teaching Faculty shortage
* focus on Community/Public health
* Dr of NP (2004)
35
What SON did Florence Nightengale open?
1860 - St. Thomas Hospital, London
36
What are some characteristics of Diploma Programs?
* peak 1930-1960s
* Early: Apprentice of DR\>Nightenale model
* Later: prereqs at CC 2-3 yrs
* live in dorms, cerfew, "HM"
* Clinical\>Theory
37
What book encouraged girls to join nursing during WW2?
Cherry Ames, SN by Helen Wells
38
Who proposed an AA?
* Mildred Montag
* WW2 to cover shortage
* temp fix until BSN students ready
39
What are characteristics of a BSN?
* Needed to be called PROFESSION
* LT prof. adv.
* prepares for grad programs/ adv. practice
* slow growth
40
What are requirements for licensure?
* grad from approved program
* NCLEX: Natl Council Licensure EXamination
* app, fees, fingerprinting, photo
41
What did Aiken (2003) reveal?
showed direct correlation between high levels of education & better pt outcomes
42
What did U of Penn (2012) reveal?
correlation between BSN & lower post op mortality
43
What did ACA do to foster academic progression?
* authorized funding for loan repayment
* $5 billion for NP edu
* no caps for grants for PhD
44
What is the BSN in 10?
* NY, NJ, RI
* RN's not practicing yet must obtain BSN by 10 yrs of licensure
45
What are some of the influences on BSN edu?
* Brown Report
* ANA Position Report
* Goldmark Report
* Mildren Montag
* Institute of Medicine Report (IOM)
46
What was the Goldmark Report (1922)?
* Pushed for University based nursing programs
* launched "professionals or technicians"
47
What was the Brown Report (1948)?
* Recommended SON be in colleges/universities
* effort to gain Men/Minorities
48
What is the Nursing Training Act of 1964?
* poured nearly $300 mil into nursing edu, especially collegiate
* **most significant milestone in nsg edu**
49
What is the ANA's position paper (1965)?
* min BSN to be an RN
* new license/title for AA, (RAN)
* remove diploma schools
50
What is the 2010 IOM report?
Calls for increasing # of BSN nurses to 80% and doubling DR. of RN by 2020
51
What are Certified Nurse Midwives?
* RN's in Midwifery program
* deliver babies, family planning, ob/gyn care
* less anesthesia, induced labor, fetal monitoring
52
What is a DNP and PhD?
* DNP: Practice oriented or clinical doctorate
* PhD: research oriented degree
53
What are the new ways nursing student receive funding under Obama's new workforce development program?
* Workforce Diversity Grants (minority, disadvantaged)
* Nurse Students Service Corp (repay loans when work in shortage area)
* Comprehensive Geriatric Ed. Grant (when work w/ elderly)
54
What are the continuing edu requirements for licensure renewa;?
* 30 hours q 2 yrs
* provider must be recognized by BRN
55
What is medical informatics (1950)?
* tools of information technology
* collect, store, process info
* communication of health
* EX: medical record management, pt safety, drug admin, results reporting,
* sharing of info between providers and allied health
* **_the science that studies the structure and general properties of scientific info & the laws of all processes of sci communication_**
56
What did Connie Settlemeyer do?
designed idea of **computer assisted instruction for nursing students charting using SOAP notes**
57
How were computers 1st introduced into HC?
* 1971 El Camino + Lockheed install Medical Info System (MIS)
* soon after used for business and inventory management, cardiac lab/icu monitoring, and calcuations
58
What are some Informatics Prof. Org?
* IMIA, AMIA, ANIA -Informatics Assoc.
* International, American Medical, American Nursing
* Nursing Info. Group
* HIMSS: HC Info & Management Systems Society
* ANA
59
What is the ANA's definition of informatics in nursing?
* specialty that integrates nursing sci, comp sci, and info sci, to manage and communicate data, info, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice
60
What does the ACE star model provide?
a framework for converting research knowledge into a form that has utility in the clinical decision making process
61
Discovery Research
Knowledge is in the form of results from single research studies.
62
Evidence Summary
Evidence summaries include evidence synthesis, systematic reviews, integrative reviews and reviews of literature
63
What is the AHRQ?
* Agency for Healthcare Research Quality
* provides sharing of what works along w/ evidence to back up innovation
64
Differences between EMR & EHR?
* EMR
* snapshot of pt encounter integrated w/ other systems
* **med** admin/barcode
* clinical documentation
* lab, radiology, PT, nutrition
* EHR
* electronic record of health related info on an individual
* \>1 health care organization
* active problem lists
* measures to support health status
* clinical decision info
* confidentiality
* facilitates clincal problem solving
65
What is QSEN and what are th 6 essentials?
* defines knowledge and skills and attitudes necessary for the domain of informatics
1. patient-centered care
2. teamwork and collaboration
3. evidence-based practice
4. quality improvement
5. safety
6. informatics
66
Definition of Statutory Law
* Written law passed by legislature on the state or federal level
* Nurses must abide because we are licensed by state
67
Def of Common Law
Laws evolved from decisions of previous cases that form a precedent
68
What is a tort?
* Wrongful act against a person or his/her property
69
What is the Nurse Practice Act?
Outlines scope of practice and responsibilities for RN's w/n ea state
70
What is the Patient Self Determination Act?
Requires hospitals, nursing homes, and hospice providers to provide info about adv health care directives upon admission (LIVING WILL)
71
What are some tasks you cannot delegate to UAP?
* meds
* tube/parenteral tube feedings
* tracheal suctioning, NG tube, catheters
* assessments
* education
72
What is the Nuremburg Code?
* From unethical medical experiments by Nazi Drs
* 1947
* Voluntary consent
73
What is the declaration of Helsinki?
* 1964 Finland
* World Med Association
* built on Nuremburg Code
74
What is the Willbrook Study?
* Mentally disabled children NY
* received IM dose of Hep B
* Prior: Subjects fed extracts of infected stool
75
What is the Nursing Process?
1. Define Problem
2. Review literature
3. Hypothesis
4. Select design
5. Implement
6. Draw Conclusions
7. Discuss Implications
8. Dissemination of findings
76
What is QuaNtitative Research?
* systemic, objective, measurable
* usually randomized, control, LARGE sample
77
What is quaLitative research?
* Subjective, descriptive
* natural setting, not controlled, fewer sample
* no accurate measurement
* EX: interviews
78
What is IOM?
* Institute of Med
* independent, nonprofit, outside gov
* provides unbiased, authoritative advice to decision makers/public
79
What terms are you allowed to use when referring to the impaired?
* deaf
* deaf-blind
* oral deaf
* HOH
* late deafend
80
Why do the blind have sleep disturbances?
* Don't see light so circadium rhythym is off
* non-24
81
