The study of how environmental factors can affect gene expression without altering the actual DNA sequence, and how these changes can be inherited through generations is called:
- the genome study
- epigenetics
- geneology
- functional genetics
epigenetics
T/F
Physical exercise, trauma, and psychosocial factors are all considered part of the environmental inputs that can influence the expression of health
TRUE
Interventions utilized in the functional healthcare paradigm are analyzed by their depth of impact. This type of intervention is used more frequently in the acute presentation of an illness.
- whole body intervention
- organ system intervention
- subcellular/mitochondrial interventions
- celluler interventions
organ system intervention
Exercise is an example of this depth of intervention.
- myofascial
- nervous
- lymphatic
- skeletal
lymphatic
The question “When was the present problem not a problem?” is searching for:
- mediators
- antecedents
- triggers
- core imbalances
triggers
Diet and supplementation are utilized extensively in this depth of intervention:
- cellular
- organ system
- whole body
cellular
T/F
Under the functional model, single conditions have multiple imbalances associated with their underlying cause
TRUE
T/F
7 out of 10 people who die from sports related traumatic injuries suffer from catastrophic spine injuries, along with head injuries.
TRUE
Neck injuries deserve special attention because of their potential to affect the _______, potentially resulting in depth or crippling permanent disability.
- cervical nerve root
- cervical spinal cord
- cervical vertebra
- upper cervical ligaments
- cervical stabilizing musculature
cervical spinal cord
Traumatic injuries to these spinal levels can result in diaphragmatic paralysis.
- C7, T1, T2
- C3, C4, C5
- C6, C7, T1
C3, C4, C5
This type of injury is typically seen in racket sports, where there is frequent explosive neck rotation and inactivities requiring prolonged neck positioning, like marksmanship.
- torticollis
- sprain/strain
- compressive fracture
- IV disc injury
- stinger/burner
sprain/strain
This type of injury usually occurs in contact sports and at the extremes of motion resulting in cervical pain and restriction in ROM
- compressive fracture
- sprain/strain
- SP fracture
- disc injury
- stinger/burner
compressive fracture
This type of imaging to assess the level of boney involvement and the need for surgical intervention when a fracture is suspected in:
- MRI
- x-ray
- CT scan
- bone scan
x-ray
The “gold standard” imaging techniques to assess a ligamentous injury is:
- MRI
- flexion/extension x-ray
- CT scan
- ultrasound
flexion/extension x-ray
A mechanism of injury for this particular condition includes: traction to the brachial plexus from ipsilateral shoulder depression and contralateral neck flexion
- disc injury
- stinger/burner
- torticollis
- spinal cord injury
- compression fracture
stinger/burner???
A definitive diagnosis of this injury is usually made with plain film radiographs
- sprain/strain
- stinger/burner
- SP fracture
- disc injury
- spinal cord injury
SP fracture
A compression fracture with greater than 50% anterior compression is an indication of instability because the ____ is often affected.
- Lig. Flava
- Nuchal Lig
- PLL
- ALL
- interspinous Lig
PLL
Observation of the patient spontaneously grasping their head with their hands during motion indicating instability is called _____.
- Hall-Pike sign
- Kernig’s sign
- RA sign
- Rust’s sign
Rust’s sign
The brachial plexus tension test is a series of moves or positions that are used to put increasing tension into the neural tissue. The last position or movement is:
- finger extension
- shoulder abduction
- elbow extension
- cervical lateral flexion
- shoulder external rotation
cervical lateral flexion
The diagnostic test for benign positional vertigo involves tilting the head of a supine patient to 45 degrees and turning it to one side
- L’Hermitte’s sign
- Hoffman test
- Hall-Pike Maneuver
- Kernig’s sign
hell-Pike Maneuver
In grading a patient’s strength, if they were able to perform active movement against gravity, the grade assigned would be:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
3
Self-efficacy is a patient’s perception of their _______.
- current health status
- ability to perform ADLs
- future health status
- ability to recover from injury
- movement efficiency
ability to recover from injury
The 4 exams that if found to be positive during an examination indicate a 90% probability that the patient is suffering from a radiculopathy include all of the following EXCEPT
- Spurling’s
- shoulder depressor
- cervical rotation less than 60 degrees
- brachial plexus tension test
- cervical distraction
shoulder depressor
At the time of impact, the distance between the head and the head restraint is known as:
- WAD gap
- extension gap
- backset
- restraint gap
WAD gap
