Multi-Store Model

Question 1

Who proposed the MSM and when?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968).

Question 2

What are the three components of the MSM?

Answer 2

Sensory register, STM, and LTM.

Question 3

What is the sensory register and how does it work?

Answer 3

Sensory register receives all sensory input briefly—most is discarded unless
attended to.

Question 4

What are the two main stores in the sensory register?

Answer 4

Iconic (visual) and echoic (auditory) stores.

Question 5

How is information transferred to STM?

Answer 5

Attention.

Question 6

How is information transferred to LTM?

Answer 6

Rehearsal, specifically prolonged/ maintenance rehearsal.

Question 7

How is information retrieved from LTM?

Answer 7

Retrieval from LTM returns information to STM for conscious use.

Question 8

AO3 - What evidence supports separate memory stores?

Answer 8

(A) Glanzer and Cunitz’s serial position effect supports STM/LTM distinction.
(B) Case study of HM—STM impaired, LTM intact.
(C) Neuroimaging shows different
brain areas.

Question 9

AO3 - What are the limitations of the model’s structure?

Answer 9

(A) Rehearsal is not the only route to LTM—Craik and Watkins suggested elaborative rehearsal is key.
(B) Oversimplifies STM and LTM as unitary. (C) Doesn’t explain memory types.

Question 10

AO3 - What research challenges the idea of one STM/LTM?

Answer 10

(A) KF had poor verbal STM but visual STM intact.
(B) Suggests more than one STM store. (C) LTM may also have subtypes—MSM lacks depth.