Multifunctional AM

Question 1

When was the peak of the 3D printing hype cycle?

Answer 1

3D printing was introduced over 30 years ago but a hype on the technology only happened early this decade

2012 was the peak of the hype

Question 2

What is the concept of multifunctional AM?

Answer 2

The ability to print multiple materials in one structure is key to enable multifunctional AM

Question 3

What are the processing requirements to enable multifunctional AM? and what are some possible processes?

Answer 3

• Ability to deposit materials alongside each other
• Ability to deposit materials on specific locations
• Ability to solidify multiple materials alongside each other

Material extrusion and jetting

Question 4

What are the material requirements to enable multifunctional AM?

Answer 4

• Material stability in the printhead (does it block the nozzle etc…)
• Material stability on the substrate/previous layer (Is the spreading controlled on the substrate/previous layer)
• Materials compatibility, preventing reaction etc…
• Material solidification conditions (what method of solidification is needed for each material)

Question 5

What are some examples of applications of multifunctional AM?

Answer 5

Soft robotic arm (silicone ink and carbon ink creates a dielectric elastomer actuator)
Food ( chocolate and dough for controlled food diets)
Printed electronic applications (Voxel8, hybrid FFF of polymer paste extrusion of silver ink)

Question 6

What are some advances in multifunctional AM?

Answer 6

Printed electronic applications

• inkjet printing of UV curable inks doped with iron oxide particles for electromagnetic applications
• Inkjet printing of silver and polymer inks in one structure using UV curing methods

Printed medical applications

• cornea stroma equivalent
• Silver microwires
• Printing tablets with complex geometries for controlled and tuneable drug release