Which element makes up the largest percentage of a human’s body weight?
a) Carbon
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
d) Oxygen
d) Oxygen
Which subatomic particle defines the identity of an element?
a) Electron
b) Neutron
c) Proton
d) Molecule
c) Proton
The bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms is a:
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Peptide bond
b) Covalent bond
Which of the following is a property of water due to its hydrogen bonding?
a) Low surface tension
b) High cohesion
c) Low specific heat
d) It is non-polar
b) High cohesion
- hydrogen bonds btw water molecules create a strong attraction, leading to high cohesion, which is why water forms droplets and has high surface tension
Water is considered a universal solvent because:
a) It dissolves many substances
b) It evaporates easily
c) It has a high boiling point
d) It is non-polar
a) It dissolves many substances
- its polar nature allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar compounds
How many covalent bonds does a carbon atom typically form?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
c) 4
Which functional group is found in both amino acids and fatty acids
a) Carboxyl (-COOH)
b) Hydroxyl (-OH)
c) Phosphate (-PO4)
d) Carbonyl (-C=O)
a) Carboxyl (-COOH)
- the carboxyl group is part of the structure that defines the amino acid, and in fatty acid, its what makes the molecule an acid
What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?
a) Condensation
b) Hydrolysis
c) Dehydration synthesis
d) Ionic bonding
b) Hydrolysis
- in hydrolysis, water is added to break the bonds btw monomers, splitting the polymer!
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
a) Glucose
b) Sucrose
c) Lactose
d) Starch
a) Glucose
- sucrose and lactose are disaccharides
starch is a polysaccharide
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
a) Glucose
b) Cellulose
c) Sucrose
d) Fructose
b) Cellulose
- cellulose is a complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose monomers
- glucose & fructose are monosaccharides
sucrose is a disaccharide
The primary function of carbohydrates in living organsims is:
a) Information storage
b) Energy storage
c) Structural support
d) Cell signalling
b) Energy storage
- carbohydrates serve as a key source of energy, providing for cellular processes, main role is energy!!
Lipids are:
a) Soluble in water
b) Hydrophobic
c) Polar molecules
d) The main component of nucleic acids
b) Hydrophobic
- lipids do not mix well with water
- they are primarily non-polar molecules important for storing energy, forming cell membranes, and serving functions
The primary structure of proteins is:
a) 3D shape of protein
b) Sequence of amino acids
c) Folding of the polypeptide chain
d) Interactions between polypeptide chains
b) Sequence of amino acids
- sequence determines the proteins specific characteristics and its function
Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
a) Triglyceride
b) Phospholipid
c) Glycogen
d) Cholesterol
c) Glycogen
- glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, while triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol are lipids
A disaccharide is formed by joining:
a) Two proteins
b) Two amino acids
c) Two monosaccharides
d) Two nucleotides
c) Two monosaccharides
- process involves dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is removed to form the bond btw the 2 sugar molecules
Which molecule is a major component of the cell membrane?
a) Phospholipids
b) Nucleic acids
c) Glucose
d) Amino acids
a) Phospholipids
- forms a bilayer that makes up the cell membrane
Which functional group is responsible for acidic properties in organic molecules?
a) Hydroxyl
b) Carboxyl
c) Amino
d) Phosphate
b) Carboxyl
Which of the following molecules is classified as a carbohydrate?
a) Starch
b) Triglyceride
c) Hemoglobin
d) DNA
a) Starch
- triglyceride is a lipid
- hemoglobin is a protien
- dna is a nucleic acid
Carbon is the backbone of life because:
a) Forms ionic bonds easily
b) It can form up to 4 covalent bonds
c) It is metal
d) It dissolves in water
b) It can form up to 4 covalent bonds
Which of the following is an example of a lipid?
a) Glycogen
b) Hemoglobin
c) Cholesterol
d) Glucose
c) Cholesterol
- type of steroid
