what is the multiplier effect
occurs when an initial injection into the circular flow causes a bigger final increase in real national income.
what is the ratio of final change (multiplier effect)
the ratio of the final change in the income to change in the injection is the value of the multiplier
what is the equation for the value of the multiplier
value of the multiplier=change in national income/change in injection
what is discretional fiscal policy
are intentional government policies to increase or decrease government spending or taxation
what is cyclical fiscal policy
measure with counteract the effects of the economic cycle