Mumps

Question 1

Is mumps a nationally notifiable disease?

Answer 1

Yes. Routine - labs, doctors.

Question 2

What is the organism that causes mumps?

Answer 2

Mumps virus (paramyxovirus)

Question 3

How is mumps transmitted?

Answer 3

Respiratory droplets, direct saliva contact, prolonged close contact.

Question 4

What are the clinical features of mumps?

Answer 4

Spectrum:
* Asx
* ILI - fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia
* Parotitis
* Respiratory
* Complications: ochitis, oophoritis, SN hearing loss, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis

Question 5

Which groups are at high-risk for mumps?

Answer 5

• Unvaccinated
• Born 1978-1982 (missed vaccination or not exposed to wild-type)

Question 6

What are the case definitions of mumps?

Answer 6

• Confirmed - isolation / detection / seroconversion
• Probable - IgM + clinical OR clinical + epi

Question 7

How is mumps diagnosed?

Answer 7

• PCR from buccal swab (or urine)
• Serology - IgM suggestive (may not be present in vaccinated individuals; may be negative 4d after sx)
• IgG seroconversion diagnostic

VIDRL reference lab.

Question 8

What is the incubation period for mumps?

Answer 8

16 - 18 days

Range 12-25

Question 9

What is the infectious period for mumps?

Answer 9

7 days prior to parotitis to 9 days after.

Most infectious 2 days before to 5 days after.

Question 10

What is the outbreak definition for mumps?

Answer 10

More than expected incidence in community.

2 or more linked cases should be investigated to determine presence of outbreak.

Question 11

Why is the incidence of mumps much reduced today?

Answer 11

Vaccination programs (MMR).

Question 12

In what settings do outbreaks of mumps occur?

Answer 12

Small outbreaks in high transmission settings: boarding school, uni residences, prisons, sporting clubs.

Question 13

Which age group does mumps affect the most?

Answer 13

Adolescents / young adults.

Question 14

Where have larger outbreaks occurred in Australia?

Answer 14

NT/WA/QLD - mainly Aboriginal communities despite high vaccine coverage.

Question 15

How is mumps prevented?

Answer 15

Vaccination - NIP: 12 and 18mo

Hand and general hygiene.

Mumps component of MMR generates weaker immune response than others - contributing factor to outbreaks.

Question 16

What are some resources for the public health management of mumps?

Answer 16

DoH protocol - no SoNG.

CDC has excellent outbreak guidance.

Question 17

How are cases of mumps managed?

Answer 17

• Call clinician
• Case interview (sx, vax, travel, high-risk settings)
• Droplet precautions / single isolation room
• Education
• Hygiene advice
• Restriction/exclusion

Question 18

Outline the key points for the exclusion of mumps cases.

Answer 18

• Isolate at home while infectious
• Exclude from school/work/childcare - 5 days after parotitis onset.

Variable guidelines re: exclusion period but most say 5 days.

Question 19

What are some outbreak management principles for mumps?

Answer 19

• Hygiene/IPC advice
• Active case finding
• Vaccinate if not up to date
• Booster dose for at-risk of mumps (can reduce attack rate)