Muscle Tissue

Question 0

Smooth Muscle (comparison)

Answer 0

spindle-shaped, nonstriated uninucleated fibers
occurs in walls of internal organs
INVOLUNTARY

Question 1

What is Muscle Tissue?

Answer 1

primary tissue type divided into:
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

Question 2

Cardiac Muscle (comparison)

Answer 2

striated, branched, uninucleated fibers
occurs in wall of HEART
INVOLUNTARY

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle (comparison)

Answer 3

striated, tubular, multinucleated fibers
usually attached to skeleton
VOLUNTARY

Question 4

Skeletal Muscles (intro)

Answer 4

attached to skeletal system

allow us to move

Question 5

FUNCTIONS of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 5

• produce movement of the skeleton
• maintain posture & body positioning
• supports soft tissue
• guard entrances & exits
• maintains body temp

Question 6

Skeletal Muscle STRUCTURES

Answer 6

• muscle tissues (muscle cells or FIBERS)
• connective tissue: consists of 3 layers
  epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 7

Epimysium

Answer 7

(layer in connective tissue)

sorrounds entirem muscle, and separated from sorrounding tissue

Question 8

Perimysium

Answer 8

(layer in connective tissue)

divides muscle into fascicles

Question 9

Endomysium

Answer 9

(layer in connective tissue)

sorround muscle fascicles

Question 10

ORGANIZATION of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 10

the end of the 3 layers emerge to form:

tendon or aponeurosis

Question 11

Nerves

Answer 11

skeletal muscles are VOLUNTARY muscles,
controlled by nerves of the Central Nervous System
( brain & spinal cord )

Question 12

Blood Vessels

Answer 12

supply large amounts of OXYGEN & NUTRIENTS

carries away wastes

Question 13

Muscle Fiber Stimulation ( Wave Summation)

Answer 13

repeated simulation before the relaxation phase

ex. bicep curl

Question 14

Muscle Fiber Stimulation ( Incomplete Tetanus )

Answer 14

if rapid stimualtion continues and muscle is not allowed to relax, twitches reach maximum level of tension.
ex. incomplete curl

Question 15

Muscle Fiber Stimulation ( Complete Tetanus )

Answer 15

if stimulation frequency is high enough, muscle fiber begins to relax, and is in continuous contraction
ex. completed curl

Question 16

ATP Generation ( Aerobic Metabolism )

Answer 16

• primary energy source of resting muscles
• breaks down fatty acids
• ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) transports chemical energy within cells

Question 17

ATP Generation ( Anaerobic Glycosis)

Answer 17

• primary energy source for peak muscular activity
• produces 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose
• breaks down glucose from glycogen stored in skeletal muscles

Question 18

Energy Use & Level of Muscle Activity

Answer 18

• skeletal muscles at rest metabolize fatty acids and store glycogen
• during moderate activity, muscles generate ATP through anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids
• at peak activity, energy is provided by anerobic reactions that generate lactic acid as a by-product

Question 19

Muscle Fatigue

Answer 19

• when muscles can no longer perfrom a required activity

Question 20

Results of Muscle Fatigue

Answer 20

• depletion of metabolic reserve
• damage to muscle components
• low pH ( lactic acid)
• muscle exhaustion & pain

Question 21

Physical Conditioning ( Muscle Hypertrophy)

Answer 21

muscle growth from heavy training

• increases diameter of muscle fibers
• increases number of myofibrils

Question 22

Physical Conditioning ( Muscle Atrophy )

Answer 22

lack of muscle activity

- reduces muscle size, tone, and power

Question 23

Muscle Origin

Answer 23

beginning part of any muscle ( always stationary )

muscles are named according to its origin, insertion, or according to their actions.

Question 24

Muscles Insertion

Answer 24

the ending part of any muscle ( always moves ) musclesn are named according to its origin, insertion, or according to their actions.

Question 25

Muscle Actions ( Primary Action Categories)

Answer 25

prime mover ( agonist ), synergist, antagonist

Question 26

Muscle Action ( Primary Mover)

Answer 26

( agonist ) | main muscle in action

Question 27

Muscle Action ( Synergist )

Answer 27

helper muscle in action

Question 28

Muscle Action ( Antagonist )

Answer 28

opposed muscle to an action

Question 29

Divisions of Muscular System

Answer 29

Axian & Appendicular Muscles

Question 30

Axial Muscles

Answer 30

``` - position head and spinal cord ( muscles of head, neck, & spine ) - muscles of the trunk ( oblique & rectus muscles ) - move rib cage ( muscles of pelvic floor ) - 60% of skeletal muscles ```

Question 31

Appendicular Muscles

Answer 31

``` - support pectoral and pelvic girdles ( positions & stabalizes ) - support limbs ( movement ) - 40% of skeletal muscles ```

Question 32

Muscles of Pelvic Floor ( Functions )

Answer 32

- support organs of pelvic cavity - flex sacrum & coccyx - control movement of materials through urethra & anus.

Question 33

Effects of Aging on the Muscular System

Answer 33

- skeletal muscle fibers become smaller in diameter - skeletal muscles become less elastic ( develop increasing amounts of fibrous tissue ) FIBROSIS - decreased tolerance for exercise - drcreased ability to recover from muscular injuries

Question 34

Cardiovascular System

Answer 34

delivers oxygen and fuel | removed carbon dioxide and wastes

Question 35

Respiratory System

Answer 35

responds to oxygen demand of muscles

Question 36

Integumentar System

Answer 36

disperses hest from muscle activity

Question 37

Nervous & Endocrine System

Answer 37

direct responses of all systems