Muscles

Question 1

Skeletal muscle characteristics

Answer 1

• Excitability= respond to stimulus
• Contractibility= shorten and generate force
• Extensibility= can be stretched
• Elasticity= can return to original length

Question 2

Attachment- proximal

Answer 2

origin and less mobile

Question 3

attachment- distal

Answer 3

insertion and mobile

Question 4

cardiac muscle

Answer 4

involuntary and striated

Question 5

smooth muscle

Answer 5

involuntary and non striated

Question 6

skeletal muscle

Answer 6

voluntary and striated

Question 7

encases a muscle fibre

Answer 7

endomyisium connective tissue

Question 8

encases a fasicle

Answer 8

perimyisium

Question 9

encase entricmuscle

Answer 9

epimyisium

Question 10

muscle fibre is

Answer 10

long cylinder
muscle cells are multinucliated

Question 11

tendon sheath

Answer 11

• Covers tendon
• Synovial fluid
• Prevent tendon pulling away from muscle

Question 12

skeletal muscle attachments

Answer 12

fleshy
tendon
raphe

Question 13

fleshy

Answer 13

muscle fibre attach directly to bone

Question 14

tendon attachment

Answer 14

muscle fibre attach to a connective chord

Question 15

raphe attachment

Answer 15

muscle fibre attach to a sheet of connective tissue

Question 16

sliding filament theory

Answer 16

Sarcomere- long- not contracting// thin- is contracting
Actin- thin
Myosin- thick
Both of these will slide over each other

Question 17

parallel muscle

Answer 17

1. Fibres are in line with each other
2. Max shorten
3. Larger range will decrease amount of force
   - Starp = long and flat
   - Fusiform= classic shape
   - Triangle/ converge= broad
   - Flat quadrilateral= fibres in same axis as tendon

Question 18

oblique muscle

Answer 18

1. Less short
2. Less range- increase force
   - Unipennate- fibreas attach to one side of tendons
   - Bipennate
   - multipennate

Question 19

circular muscle

Answer 19

1. Muscle act a joint over 2 or more joints
2. Same area and same action- share same blood supply, nerve supply and venous and lymphatic drain

Question 20

medial thigh muscles

Answer 20

gracilis
pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor breuis

Question 21

action

Answer 21

movement produced when muscle contrats concentraclly in isolation

Question 22

muscle contraction

Answer 22

development on tension

Question 23

static muscle contraction

Answer 23

isometric

Question 24

isometric characteristics

Answer 24

tension
no change in muscle length
no movement

Question 25

dynamic muscle contraction

Answer 25

isotonic - concentric - ecentric

Question 26

concetnric muscle characteristics

Answer 26

isotonic movement tension shortern of muscle fibre

Question 27

ecentric muscle chacteristics

Answer 27

isotonic movement tension lengthn of muscle fibre

Question 28

agonist

Answer 28

muscle that will contract to produce the desired movement

Question 29

atagonist

Answer 29

muscle that will relax to allow the desired movement

Question 30

fixatror and stabiliser

Answer 30

muscles that will keep bones together pull in dirrection of joint to improve articulation

Question 31

synergist/ neutraliser

Answer 31

assist agonist by cancelling unwanted actions

Question 32

external forces

Answer 32

gravity= agaisnt momentum could produce a movement

Question 33

passive insurficent

Answer 33

max passive length is insurficent to allow full rom at bone joints simulatainous

Question 34

active insurficent

Answer 34

max length is changed and is insurficent to provide rom at both joints simulatainous