Muscles

Question 0

General functions of muscle tissue?

Answer 0

• excitability
• extensibility
• elasticity
• conductivity
• contractility

Question 1

Functions of muscle system?

Answer 1

• movement
• stability
• posture
• control of openings/passages
• heat production

Question 2

Agonist (prime mover)

Answer 2

Produces the most force during joint action

Question 3

Synergist

Answer 3

• aids the prime mover (PM)

* may stabilize a joint

Question 4

Antagonist

Answer 4

• Apposes the prime mover

* maintains some tension on joint to limit force of PM

Question 5

Origin

Answer 5

Bony site of attachment that is stationery

Question 6

Insertion

Answer 6

Attachment site that is more mobile

Question 7

Action

Answer 7

The AFFECT produced by a muscle

Question 8

Intrinsic

Answer 8

The origin and the insertion are in the same place

Question 9

Extrinsic

Answer 9

Acts upon a designated region, but has its origin somewhere else

Question 10

Kissing muscles?

Answer 10

Orbicularis oris

Question 11

Longest muscle in body?

Answer 11

Sartorius

Question 12

Which muscle plantar flexes foot?

How attached to heel?

Answer 12

Soleus-O:fibula/tibia. I:calcaneous

Gastrocnemius-O:condyles, popliteal surface. I:calcaneous

Question 13

Direct muscle attachment?

Answer 13

• appears to be little muscle separation

* collagen fibers between gap of muscle and bone

Question 14

Indirect muscle attachment

Answer 14

• muscle ends short of its bony destination

* bridged by a tendon

Question 15

Muscle

Answer 15

• EPIMYSIUM
• Contractile organ
• composed of fascicles
• nerves/blood vessels

Question 16

Fascicles

Answer 16

• PERIMYSIUM

* bundles of muscle fibers

Question 17

Muscle Cell/tissue

Answer 17

• ENDOMYSIUM
• enclosed in sarcolemma
• myofibrils
• multiple nuclei

Question 18

Myofibrils

Answer 18

• Z-discs
• t-tubules
• myofilaments (thin and thick)
• surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Sarcomere

Answer 19

• thick and thin filaments

* contractile unit

Question 20

Myofilaments

Answer 20

• contraction process

* myosin & actin•(slide over each other to shorten sarcomere)

Question 21

EPIMYSIUM

Answer 21

Surrounds entire muscle

Fibrous sheet

Question 22

PERIMYSIUM

Answer 22

Wraps muscle fibers into bundles of fascicles

Connective tissue

Question 23

ENDOMYSIUM

Answer 23

Surround EACH muscle fiber

Connective sheath

Question 24

Sarcolemma

Answer 24

Surrounds the muscle fiber (specialized plasma membrane)

Question 25

T-Tubules

Answer 25

Signals SR to release CA++

Question 26

Sarcoplasm

Answer 26

Cytoplasm of cell

Question 27

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

Surrounds each myofibrils Reservoir Ca++ ions

Question 28

Myofibrils Functions

Answer 28

* T-tubules: signal SR. To release Ca++ * : releases Ca++ * Z-disc: a segment of myofibril * myofilaments: myosin & actin

Question 29

Regulatory Proteins

Answer 29

Tropomyosin Troponin Ca++ ions released from SR and bind to troponin, releasing tropomyosin

Question 30

Contractile proteins

Answer 30

Myosin Actin Myosin attaches to the actin active site after the tropomyosin has been released

Question 31

Rigor Mortus

Answer 31

* 3-4 hrs after death * Stiffening/hardening muscles * No ATP available to release cross-bridges

Question 32

Isometric INC

Answer 32

No change in length | Change in tension

Question 33

Isotonic ICN

Answer 33

Change in length | No change in tension

Question 34

Concentric

Answer 34

Muscle shortens as it maintains tension

Question 35

Eccentric

Answer 35

Muscle lengthens as it maintains tension

Question 36

Smooth muscle

Answer 36

* does not move skeleton * walls of blood vessels, digestive tract, airways * involuntary movement

Question 37

Skeletal muscle

Answer 37

* voluntary * attached by tendons to skeleton * attaching bone to bone

Question 38

Recruitment of motor units?

Answer 38

Activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in Contractile strength in a muscle Motor Unit=one motor neuron+muscle fibers

Question 39

Muscle Fiber

Answer 39

* A single muscle cell enclosed in sarcolemma and is multinucleated * contains bundles of myofibrils