Muscular System

Question 1

What are 2 characteristics of cardiac muscles

Answer 1

Involuntary
Non Fatiguing

Question 2

Where would you find cardiac muscles

Answer 2

Walls of the heart

Question 3

What are 2 characteristics of skeletal muscles

Answer 3

Voluntary
Fatiguing

Question 4

What is an example of skeletal muscles

Answer 4

Any muscle that is attracted to bones

Question 5

What are 2 characteristics of smooth muscles

Answer 5

Involuntary
Slow contracting

Question 6

Where would find you smooth muscles

Answer 6

Organs

Question 7

What is the agonist

Answer 7

The muscle that produces the most force to cause the movement

Eg bicep in bicep curl

Question 8

What is an antagonist

Answer 8

A muscle that works in opposition to the agonist
Eg tricep in bicep curl

Question 9

What is a fixator

Answer 9

A muscle that stops unwanted movement at the joint or in the body
Eg erector spinae and abdominals in a bicep curl

Question 10

What is a synergist

Answer 10

A muscle that assists in the movement but isn’t the agonist
Eg wrist flexor in a bicep curl

Question 11

What is the antagonist at the elbow during a bicep curl

Answer 11

The triceps

Question 12

What is the antagonist at the shoulder during a cricket bowl

Answer 12

The deltoids

Question 13

What is the antagonist at the hip during a scorpion kick

Answer 13

The hip flexors

Question 14

What is the agonist at the knee whilst striking a football

Answer 14

The quadriceps

Question 15

What is the agonist at the ankle during a plantarflexion movement

Answer 15

The soleus

Question 16

What is concentric contraction

Answer 16

Muscles shortening whilst under tension

Question 17

What is eccentric contraction

Answer 17

Muscles lengthening whilst under tension

Question 18

What is isometric contraction

Answer 18

Muscles stay the same length whilst under tension

Question 19

Give one example of a sporting action that requires isometric contraction

Answer 19

(Crucifix in gymnastics)

Question 20

What is a sporting example of someone who uses type 1 fibres

Answer 20

(Long distance runner)

Question 21

What is a sporting example of someone who uses type 2a muscles fibres

Answer 21

(400m runner)

Question 22

What is a sporting example of someone who uses type 2x muscle fibres

Answer 22

(Sprinter)

Question 23

What is 2 characteristics of type 1 muscle fibres

Answer 23

Red in colour
Used during aerobic activity
Slow speeds of contraction
Low force of contraction
Used for moderate intensity actions
Very resistant to fatigue
High mitochondria
High myoglobin

Question 24

What is 2 characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres

Answer 24

Used during aerobic and anaerobic activity
Fast speed of contraction
High force of contraction
High speed and power
Pink in colour
Some resistance to fatigue
Moderate mitochondria levels
Moderate myoglobin levels

Question 25

What is 2 characteristics of type 2x muscle fibres

Answer 25

Used in anaerobic activity Very fast speed of contraction Little resistance to fatigue Low levels of mitochondria Low levels of myoglobin White in colour Very high force of contraction

Question 26

What is a motor unit

Answer 26

The motor neuron and all the muscle fibres that are connected to it. The larger the motor unit, the more force is produced

Question 27

What is the all or none law

Answer 27

For a motor unit to contract, a signal must be sent strong enough to contract all fibres otherwise none will contract at all

Question 28

What are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 28

Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

Question 29

What are the 4 muscle roles

Answer 29

Agonist Antagonist Synergist Fixator

Question 30

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction

Answer 30

Concentric Eccentric Isometric

Question 31

What are the 3 types of muscles fibres

Answer 31

Type 1 Type 2a Type 2x

Question 32

What are the 5 responses to the muscular system

Answer 32

Vasodilation Increased muscle temperature Increased muscle pliability Increased lactic acid Micro tears

Question 33

What are micro tears

Answer 33

Small tears that occur in muscle fibres usually after weight training

Question 34

What is the cause of lactic acid

Answer 34

Causes muscle fatigue due to a lack of oxygen and a waste of energy

Question 35

What is increased pliability

Answer 35

As muscles get warmer, they increase in strength

Question 36

What is vasodilation

Answer 36

Increased blood supply into the working muscles

Question 37

How do muscles increase temperature during exercise

Answer 37

They use carbohydrates and fats for energy and it’s broken down to create the energy. The more work done, the more heat created

Question 38

What are the 7 adaptations of the muscular system to exercise

Answer 38

Hypertrophy Increased myoglobin Increased mitochondria Increased tendon strength Increased storage of glycogen Increased storage of fat Increased tolerance to lactate

Question 39

What is hypertrophy

Answer 39

Regular muscle training causing muscles to get bigger and stronger through microtears being repaired by proteins

Question 40

What does myoglobin do

Answer 40

Store oxygen into the muscles ready for use

Question 41

What is mitochondria

Answer 41

The powerhouse of the cell and that creates energy for aerobic respiration

Question 42

What does glycogen do

Answer 42

Help us go for longer with higher amounts

Question 43

Why does our body store fat in the muscles for exercise

Answer 43

Ready to be broken down as energy for exercise

Question 44

What is cramp

Answer 44

A sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle

Question 45

What causes cramp

Answer 45

Lack of salt and dehydration

Question 46

What is an effect of cramp

Answer 46

Lack of function in the muscles Pain

Question 47

How do you treat cramp

Answer 47

Counteract the contraction